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初中英语名词讲解及其练习
名 词 讲 解
二、名词的数
名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。 1.
【注】① ch读/k/时，其复数形式应加s，如stomachs（胃，腹部）
② 常见的以o结尾要加es的有如：hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango，可记为“”。 ③ 以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下：
【注】① man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher – men teachers，_____________________（男医生） - _____________________(女职员)； ② 不规则复数形式的记忆口诀：
男女警察英法人，都是将man变成men。
脚、牙oo变ee，child加上ren。 鹿和绵羊是一家，单变复时不变化。
3. “某国人”
三、名词所有格
在英语中，特别是表示有生命的名词，可以加's表示所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。 1. 有生命的名词所有格
（1）单数名词的所有格加’s。如：母亲节__________________ 朱迪的办公室_________________ （2）以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加’。如：教师节_________________ 学生用书_________________ （3）姓氏以s结尾，也可直接加’。如： Jones的包包_______________________
（4）不规则的复数名词变所有格加’s。如： 儿童读物__________________妇女节_____________ （5）表示两人共有时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。如：
莉莉和露西的爸爸___________________ 约翰和玛丽的课桌_________________
（6）表示两人各自所有时，则两个专有名词都要用所有格形式，而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数形式。 王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸__________________________ 露西的房间和莉莉的房间__________________________ 2. 无生命的名词所有格
（1）无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示，如：桌腿 _________________ 书名___________________ （2）表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有，如： China’s future_____________ today’s newspaper_____________ 十分钟的路程_________________ 两周的假期____________________
3. 双重所有格 双重所有格就是将of结构与’s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用，如： a friend of Tom’s _____________ a friend of mine _____________
4. 表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词，如： at John’s (home) _____________ at the doctor’s (office) _____________
实战演练
一. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：
In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”
二. 找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：
homework ___________ half ___________ advice____________ money _________ food ___________ foot _________music __________ chicken ______________ mouth _____________bread ___________ information __________milk __________cow ___________ orange ____________ water ___________ 三. 选择填空：
（ ）1．The deer has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots （ ）2．Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens （ ）3．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans （ ）4．Two ______ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors （ ）5．Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse （ ）6．The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch （ ）7．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
（ ）8．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men （ ）9．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss （ ）10. The cat caught two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 四 .名词所有格练习：
（ ）1. Can you imagine what life will be like in ________ time? A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-years （ ）2. This is a ________ bike. ________ is over there. A. visitor’s; My B. visitor’s; Mine C. visitor; My （ ）3. Wang Tao is ill, so he has to go to the ________ . A. doctor B. doctors’ C. doctor’s D. doctor’ （ ）4. This is ________ , and I borrowed it two days ago. A. a picture of Mr. Cox B. a picture of Mr. Cox’s C. a Mr. Cox’ picture D. Mr. Cox’s pictures
（ ）5. These are ________ books. Li Ming bought some at this bookstore and Brain bought some at that
bookstore.
A. Li Ming’s and Brain B. Li Ming and Brain’s
C. Li Ming’s and Brain D. Li Ming’s and Brain’s
（ ）6. He is ________ .
A. one student of my mother B. one of my mother’s student C. my mother’s students D. one student of my mother’s （ ）7. It’s about ________ from my home to our school. A. thirty minutes’ walk B. walk of thirty minutes’ C. walk of thirty minutes’ D. thirty minute’s walk （ ）8. This year, the most popular ________ hat is that kind. A. woman’s B. womens’ C. women’s D. womans’ 9. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 10. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书) 11. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American. 12. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 13. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ? 14. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师). 15. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th . 16. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 17. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节). 18. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white. 五. 名词复数形式和数词的练习：
1. There are ___________________________(58个学生)in our class. 2. There are ___________________________(22个孩子) in the room. 3. I can see ____________________________(六杯茶) on the table. 4. There are ____________________________(44位女老师) in her school. 5. We can see __________________________________(18个妇女) over there. 6. ______________________________(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom? 7. I have ________________________________(3本字典).
8. Our school has _________________________________(2个图书馆) . 9. There are ___________________________________(12个月) in a year. 10. There are ______________________________(13辆公共汽车) on the street.
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