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英语完全及物动词语法(2)
注意
stop+to+原形动词 停下来而去……
例:he stopped to talk to me when he saw me.
=he stopped(what he was doing)to talk to me when he saw me.
(他看见我时,停下来和我说话。)
注意
continue(继续),start(开始),begin(开始),like(喜欢),love(爱),dislike(不喜欢),hate(恨),可用不定式或动名词做宾语,意思不变。
例:he continued trying/(to try) it.
(他继续试着做。)
they started building/(to build) the house.
(他们开始建这栋房子。)
i like/love/hate/dislike listenint/(to listen) to music.
(我喜欢/爱/厌恶/不喜欢听音乐。)
4.名词从句充当及物动词的宾语
稍早我们已为同学介绍名词从句的构成方式、种类及其功能,再提醒一下,名词从句有三种:
(1)that he can't do it
(他不能做此事)
(2)whether he will come
(他是否会来)
(3)疑问词引导的名词从句
when he will do it
(他何时做)
what he is doing
(他正在做什么)
how he'll handle it
(他如何处理此事)
为了方便记忆起见,我们可将名词从句记成“戴慧怡”。戴:即that之讹音;慧:即whether第一音节之讹音;怡:即疑问词从句“疑”之同音字,由于名词从句具有名词的功能,故亦可做及物动词的宾语。
例:i believe that he is a man of his word.
(我相信他是个有信用的人。)
i wonder whether he can do it.
(我不知道他是否能够做此事。)
i don't know where he lives.
(我不知道他住哪里。)
注意
that从句做及物动词的宾语时,名词从句连接词that通常予以省略
例:they feel(that)it is hard to do the job.
(他们觉得做这件工作很难。)
he thinks(that)the book is worthy of reading.
(他认为这本书值得读。)
注意
whether从句做及物动词的宾语时,名词从句连接词whether亦可被if取代。
例:i don't know whether the typhoon will come.
=i don't know if the typhoon will come.
(我不知道台风是否会来。)
i doubt whether the man is competent enough to handle it.
=i doubt if the man is competent enough to handle it.
(我不知道这个人是否有足够的能力处理此事。)
但:whether从句若做主语、介词的宾语或be动词的补语,则whether不可被if取代。
①whether从句做主语:
例:whether he can go is not yet known.(o)
(他是否能去还不知道。)
if he can go is not yet known.(x)
但:it is not yet known whether he can go.(o)
=it is not yet known if he can go.(o)
②whether从句做介词的宾语
例:he is worried about whether he can join them.(o)
(他很担心是否能加入我们。)
he is worried about if he can join them(x)
③whether从句做be动词的补语:
例:the problem is whether he has enough money for the trip.
(问题在于他是否有足够的钱旅行。)
the problem is if he has enough money for the trip.(x)
5.名词短语(构成方式见第一节第5项)充当及物动词的宾语
例:i know how to handle the problem.
(我知道如何处理这问题。)
i don't know whom to talk to.
(我不知道该向谁说。)
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