英语六级语法之主谓倒装(2)

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英语六级语法必备之主谓倒装(2)

　　2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如：

英语六级语法必备之主谓倒装(2)

　　Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .

　　她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。

　　Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .

　　他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。

　　Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .

　　我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。

　　No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。

　　So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.

　　就我所知，玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。

　　Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。) 去年秋天，这儿几乎没下一滴雨。

　　3)当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。例如：

　　Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.

　　只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。

　　So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.

　　形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。

　　So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以致最后病倒了。

　　4)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首，且谓语是come, go, be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：

　　Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。

　　Look, there comes the taxi.瞧，出租车过来了。

　　Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。

　　Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下来是四年的解放战争。

　　5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时，句子一般要全部倒装。这类子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：

　　Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"爱司"。

　　Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。

　　Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.

　　突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。

　　6) 其他情况还有：省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句，等等也要用倒装句式。例如：(省略了if的虚拟条件句)

　　Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.

　　如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。

　　Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.

　　万一他来了,对他说："公司没人。"(某些表示祝愿的句子)

　　May our friendship last forever.愿我们的友谊常存!

　　May your company become prosperous.祝贵公司生意兴隆!(某些让步状语从句)

　　Try as I might, I couldn‘t lift the stone.无论我使多大的劲，我也无法搬起那块石头。

　　They said they would follow the Party‘s lead come what might.

　　他们说无论发生什么情况，他们都会跟党走的。

　　7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。

　　Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .

　　这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。

　　On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.

　　这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。(这类句子也可以不用倒装句。)

　　"I‘m leaving for Beijing tomorrow," said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .汤姆对他妈妈说："我明天动身去北京。"

　　Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.

　　许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。

　　Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .

　　这家饭店隔壁还有一家大饭店，那家饭店装修十分华丽。

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