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形容词和副词比较级的变化规则
形容词、副词比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化
构成法 一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est
原级:tall(高的 great(巨大的)
比较级:taller greater
最高级:tallest greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
原级:nice(好的) large(大的) able(有能力的)
比较级:nicer larger abler
最高级nicest largest ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est 原级:big(大的) hot(热的)
比较级:bigger hotter
最高级:biggest hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
原级:easy(容易的) busy(忙的)
比较级:easier busier
最高级:easiest busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
原级:clever(聪明的) narrow(窄的)
比较级:cleverer narrower
最高级:cleverest narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。 原级:important(重要的) easily(容易地)
比较级:more important more easily
最高级:most important most easily
2)不规则变化
原级:good(好的) bad(坏的)
比较级:better worse
最高级:best worst
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副词:1) 时间和频度副词: now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never ,yet ,soon ,too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副词: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副词: much ,little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly. 5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why. 6) 关系副词: when, where, why. 7) 连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether.
As…as的一般用法:其基本意思为“与…一样”,其中的第一个as为副词,其后通常接形容词或副词(用原级),第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句)。使用时应注意以下几点。如:
(1) 在否定句中,第一个 as 也可换成 so。如:
He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。
(2) 在该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级,但若涉及数量或程度,可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+复数名词+as”。如:
You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。
其间接形容词时,有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词,但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。如:
She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。
也可说。如:She is a teacher as good as her mother.
但不说。如:She is as a good teacher as her mother. / They are as good teachers
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as us.
“as + 形容词或副词原级 + as…” 意为“和……一样”,表示同级的比较,但要注意第一个 as 为副词,第二个 as 为连词。根据比较对象和性质的不同又可以把此种结构分为三种:
(一)“ as … as …结构”用于表示不同人或物同一性质的比较,意为“……和……一样……
The tree is as tall as the building(is) .
这棵树和那栋楼一样高。
(二)“ as … as …结构”用于表示同一个人或物不同性质的比较,意为“既……又……” 。例如:
This swimming pool is as wide as it is long.
这个游泳池宽度和长度相等。
比较级的几种主要句法
1、问人的句法:(要用形容词比较级)
陈述句:SuHai is older than SuYang.
一般疑问句:Is Su Hai older than Su Yang?
特殊疑问句:Who is older than SuYang?
选择性的特殊疑问句:Who is older, Su Hai or Su Yang?
2、问物的句法:(要用形容词比较级)
陈述句:His ruler is longer than her ruler.
一般疑问句:Is his ruler longer than her ruler?
特殊疑问句:Whose ruler is longer than her ruler?
选择性的特殊疑问句: Whose ruler is longer, his or hers?
3、问动作的句法:(要用副词比较级)
陈述句:Mike jumps higher than Ben.
一般疑问句:Does Mike jump higher than Ben?
特殊疑问句:Who jumps higher than Ben?
选择性的特殊疑问句: Who jumps higher, Mike or Ben?
比较级句子中涉及到的人称代词和物主代词的用法
1、主格和宾格
(原句) Mike is stronger than Nancy.
(改一改)He is stronger than her.
(原句) This man is taller than that man.
(改一改) _______is taller than_______.
(原句) Helen swims faster than Su Yang.
(改一改) _______swims faster than_______.
你能总结一下:什么时候用主格,什么时候用宾格吗?
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