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初中英语五种基本句型
五种基本句型
英语句子由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语等成分构成，依据不同的组合方式，英语简单句有五种基本句型。
（一）S+V+P: 主语+系动词+表语
The apples are red.
My sister is out now.
He became a scientist.
His face goes red.
It grew dark.
系动词分为：
1. 状态系动词 表示一种状态
如：be; seem （似乎） ； keep （保持）；stay
2. 感官系动词
如：sound ; look ; smell ; taste ; feel
3. 变成系动词
如：become ; turn ; get ; go; grow
（二）S+V: 主语+不及物动词
不能直接带宾语的动词是不及物动词。
Birds fly.
Class begins.
He runs in the park.
We stopped to have a rest.
His first book came out in 2003.
He didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
注意：
常见的只能当不及物动词的词。
sleep 睡觉 come 来 walk 步行 work 工作 swim 游泳 laugh 笑 happen/take place 发生
stay 呆在…… go 去 arrive 到达
（三）S+V+O: 主语+及物动词+宾语
可以直接带宾语的动词是及物动词。
She likes English.
I bought a book yesterday.
I know him very well.
Jack wrote a book in high school.
They want to go.
He stopped writing.
注意：
有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。
You must listen to me.
（四）S+V+IO+DO: 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，二者合称为双宾语。
有些动词，除了带直接宾语外，还要带一个间接宾语。
1. 概念：
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。
间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当。
2. 两种句型的相互转换：
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
=主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语（直前间后间前介） Give me the book.
=Give the book to me.
He gave Tom a book yesterday.
=He gave a book to Tom yesterday.
He will buy me some books.
=He will buy some books for me.
She made me a cake.
=He made a cake for me.
3. 注意：
a. 当直接宾语是人称代词时，必须用第二种句型（直前间后间前介）。 I pass it to my mother.
She threw them to me.
Give it to me.
b. “疑问词+不定式”作直接宾语时，必须用第一种句型（直接宾语放在后面）。
句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（疑问词+不定式） He taught me how to read the word.
He asked me why to sing this song.
I told him what to do.
She asked me which way to go.
4. 常带双宾语的动词。
A: 动词后加to
give 给 show 给……看 send 寄 pass 传递 lend 借给 hand 交给 tell 告诉 return 归还 write 写信 throw 扔 offer 提供 sell 卖 B: 动词后加for
make 制造 buy 买 do 做 get 得到
play 演奏 order 为……订购 sing 唱歌 fetch 为 ……取来
（五）S+V+O+OC: 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
在某些及物动词后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。
1. 名词、形容词和不定式都可以作宾语补足语。
I will make you captain.
Susan found the book boring.
He left the window open.
The teacher asked him to leave.
2. 感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语如果是不定式担当，省去to。see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make, have
He saw the boy play by the river.
He made the boy laugh.
She listened to the pianist play the piano.
（六）第4种句型和第五种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的区别。 S+V+IO+DO 和S+V+O+OC的区别
He gave me a book.
He calls me Tom.
He made the boy laugh.
He showed us the photos.
I found the movie interesting.
Miss Zhang teaches us English.
总结：
a. 宾语和宾语补足语形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
b. 直接宾语只能由名词充当，而宾语补足语可由名词、形容词和动词不定式充当。
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