毕业论文外文资料翻译-信息时代的工业设计

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毕业论文外文资料翻译

毕业论文外文资料翻译-信息时代的工业设计

题目交互式设计：

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二〇一〇年三月二十三日

INTERACTION DESIGN: Industrial Design in the Information Age

Elaine Ann

Director, Kaizor Innovation

Abstract: This paper introduces a newly developed discipline in the U.S. and Europe: Interaction Design. As we enter the Information Age, products are no longer only electrical and mechanical, but also include computing and networked capability. Designing products highly interactive in nature becomes much more complex than before going beyond the traditional realm

of Industrial Design. Moreover, the fundamental definition of

requires a fundamental shift in thinking as well as new work methods. How people interact with

products, systems or environments and its social and cultural impact is what Interaction Design is

concerned about.

Keywords: Interaction design, user experience, networked products, interdisciplinary, industrial design.

1 Introduction

Traditional products are mechanical and electrical like toasters, shavers, walkmans etc. With

today's increased computing power, miniaturized chips and the advent of the Internet, this

drastically alters the meaning of traditional products. Industrial Design has always dealt with how

people interact with things, designing for a product's form factor, ergonomics, psychonomics etc.

Computing and networked products introduces a new dimension of interactivity beyond with its

physical form, but extends to the digital arena. Now that most products are embedded computing

with complex interaction, what should industrial designers design in the information and digital

age? How should industrial designers innovate for these new breeds of products?

2 Product nature redefined in the Information Age

2.1 Products are software driven

Traditional products are mainly physical in nature and design constrains are governed by

principles of physics and mechanics. Today, many products are in fact microcomputers in

disguise with computing capability storing more than 40GBs of digital information and ever

increasing processing speed. Products become hybrid in nature with both hardware and

software components. For example: traditional walkmans have evolved into digital MP3 music

players, mechanical cameras into digital cameras, cordless phones into cellular phones etc.

What defines a product is not so much dependent on the hardware when a products' function

resides more in its software capability. (Figure 1)

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2.2 Products are networked

Moreover, with the advent of the Internet, products can be networked and digital information

stored in products can be transferred and shared. Examples of such are sending SMS messages

between cellular phones, syncing contact information from a PDA to the desktop computer and

downloading music from the web to an MP3 player. Products are no longer standalone objects

but systems of highly dependent interacting components. As one of the prominent industrial

design events in the U.S. IDSA DesignAbout: Interactive Edges summarizes:

think about products as isolated objects that are designed, produced and inserted into people's

lives, nor can we think about products consisting of hardware design and software design.

Hardware and software need to become one, and products need to be thought of as part of a

bigger system of objects and spaces.

3 What is Interaction Design?

The field of Interaction Design is at its early infancy and has only been around for the past

decade or so. Since the birth of computing, designing computing systems has mainly been the

role of software engineers. Parallel to the field of architecture, civil engineers focus on designing

the structure of the building while architects design how people live within that structure; in the

world of computing, software engineers ensures the robustness of the software while interaction

designers design how people interact with computing systems and products,

The concept of computers used to be desktop computing, however as technology advances,

computers evolve beyond the desktop PC and permeates into every aspect of our lives.

Computers take the shape and form of everyday consumer electronic appliances such as MP3

players, car navigation systems to internet fridges. Thus the notion of designing for computer

screen

field of Industrial Design. The term

IDEO and it describes the design of the behavior of products, its task flow and structure of

information, making technology usable, understandable and pleasant for people to use. As Irene

McAra-McWilliam, a forerunner of the interaction design field describes,

have to understand people, how they experience things, how they themselves interact, and how

they learn.

4 Relationship between Industrial Design and Interaction Design

As products nature evolves, so does the role of its creators. Industrial designers' role in product

development has been designing the form factor and ergonomics of objects. A design project

usually starts with a design brief of mechanisms and electronics required of the product design.

And the industrial designer generates different physical form factors and styles suitable for the

user and target market.

Much of this is changing with the emerging new types of hybrid-networked products. First, with

software as an integral part of the products' user experience, industrial designers can no longer

design the hardware independent of the software experience. A button pushed on the hardware

can trigger a screen display and without close integration between hardware and software design,

the user's experience will be a frustrating one. Secondly, skills required of designers today are

beyond form making. The challenge that many corporations are facing is not what technology can

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do, but what technology should do. Designers' creativity can be expanded to more strategic roles

in redefining what these new product typologies should be and envision how people should

experience them.

A well illustrated example that Industrial Designers cannot design a product separately from its

interface and context of use is the public kiosks at the Amsterdam Airport (Figure 2). The kiosk

allows travelers at the airport to write email as well as access Internet information. It is composed

of two parts, a touch screen input interface at waist level and a large public screen above the

head. Such design did not consider the privacy aspect of the email activity as information entered

on the small screen also projects to the public on the large screen above. A touch screen

interface for entering email is also very cumbersome as the screen calibration of the virtual

keyboard misaligns and allows for errors in typing.

5 New Ways of Thinking and Working

A paradigm shift of product nature requires new ways of thinking and working. Software driven

and networked products adds complexity to product development and the old way of assigning

software functions to hard buttons after a product's physical form is complete will guarantee an

incoherent experience. Industrial designers need to consider the user experience as a whole

beyond a product's physical form. In addition, industrial designers also need to think beyond

designing standalone objects and consider systems of interdependent products.

To innovate for new products, Industrial Designers need to consider shifting the focus of

designing aesthetically pleasing objects to first understanding people's behaviors and needs. By

adopting a designer-researcher role to uncovering these latent needs can designers be inspired

to innovate based on experiences with real people.

With added complexity to products, it is necessary for industrial designers to break away from the

traditional notion of designing for hardware products and cross boundaries to work with

interdisciplinary teams of interaction designers, software engineers etc. This can help ensure a

more coherent user experience integrating hardware, software and distributed systems design. .

References

[1] Schmidt, A.

[2] Walker, A.

[3] Norman, D. The Invisible Computer: Why Good Products Can Fail, the Personal Computer Is

So Complex, and Information Appliances Are the Solution. MIT Press (reprint), 1999.

[4] Preece, Rogers, Sharp. Interaction Design: beyond human-computer interaction. John Wiley

and Sons Inc., 2002

[5] Alben, L.

[6] Alben, L.

Interactions, May 1996.

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Journal of American Chemical Society, 2006, 128(7): 2421-2425.

交互式设计：信息时代的工业设计

安绮丽

高介原创董事长

摘要这篇论文介绍的是发端于欧美的一种新的设计学科：交互式设计。当我们进入信息时代，产品不再仅仅囿于电子产品和机械制品，还包括计算机和网络设计。自然界中高度交互式的产品设计要比以前传统的工业设计形式复杂得多。此外，“产品”的基本定义正在接受挑战，而且这种定义需要根本性的改变，已形成一种新的设计方式。交互设计所关注的是人是怎样与产品、系统、环境以及社会文化因素相互影响的。

关键词交互设计、用户体验、网络产品、跨学科、工业设计

1 简介

传统的产品都是像烤面包机、剃须刀、随身听等的机械电子产品。随着今天计算机技术能力的提升，微型芯片和网络的出现，传统产品的概念已经改变了。工业设计始终在解决着人与事物之间的交互方式问题，为产品的形式因素、人机工程学、心理规律学等而设计。计算机网络产品引入了一种新的交互方式，这种方式超越了产品的外形设计而延伸到数字设计领域。如今大多数产品都通过复杂的交互设计嵌入了计算机技术，那么在这个信息和数字时代工业设计师们该设计什么呢？面对这些新的衍生产品工业设计师们又该怎样去创新呢？

2. 产品的本质在信息时代得以重新阐释

2.1 产品由软件驱动

传统的产品本质上是物理性的，而且设计受到物理规律和机械规律的限制。如今，许多产品实际上就是微型电脑，其中隐藏着很强的计算能力，如可以储存超过40GB的数字信息，甚至能够提高处理速度。产品在本质上成为了既包括软件又包括硬件的混合体。例如：传统的随身听演变成了MP3，机械照相机演变成了数码照相机，无线电话演变成了手机等等。当一个产品的功能更多地依赖于软件能力时，那么对于产品的`定义就不仅仅取决于硬件了。

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2.2 产品具有网络性质

再者，随着网络的出现，产品可以联网而且存储在产品中的数字信息得以转换并且分享。例如：手机之间发送短信息，从个人数字设备到桌上电脑同步传输信息，以及从网络上下载音乐到MP3。产品不再是独立的物体，而是各个部分相互深刻影响的系统。作为美国杰出的工业设计项目之一，交互边缘总结：我们不再把产品看作是设计、生产并嵌入到人们生活的独立的物体，而是将其看作是硬件设计和软件设计的综合。硬件和软件需要形成统一体，并且我们应该将产品视为物体和空间这一更大系统的一部分。

3. 交互式设计是什么

交互设计领域仍然处于哺乳期，仅仅发展了大概十年左右。由于计算机技术的诞生，计算机设计系统已经成为了软件工程的主角。与建筑领域类似，土木工程师主要设计建筑的结构，而建筑师主要设计人们在这种结构下的生活方式；在计算机技术的世界里，软件工程师确保软件的可用性，而交互设计师设计人们与计算机系统产品之间的交互方式。

过去，计算机的概念就是台式电脑，然而随着技术的进步，计算机发生了演变，它已经不仅指个人台式电脑而是渗入到了我们生活的方方面面。消费者的日常电子用品，例如：MP3，汽车导航系统以及可联网的电冰箱，都是计算机在日常生活中所表现出来的形式。这样只为计算机屏幕“界面”而设计的概念已不再足够了。就这一点而言，交互设计跨越了工业设计的领域。“交互”这个词最初由ＩＤＥＯ的创始人比尔·莫里扎创造，它是用来描述产品的行为设计、任务流和信息结构的，它使技术得以应用、理解并且让人们快乐地使用使用它们。一名交互设计领域的先驱艾琳·麦卡拉-麦克威廉说：“交互设计师必须要理解人，理解人们做事、交流、学习的方式。” 4. 工业设计和交互式设计的关系

随着产品性质的演变，产品制造者的角色也在发生着变化。在产品的发展过程中，工业设计师一直在设计物品的外形极其人机设计。一个设计项目通常开始于产品设计中所需的简单的机械和电子装置的设计。并且由工业设计师设计出不同的外形和风格以适应于用户和目标市场。

随着新形式混合型网络产品的出现，这种情况也在发生着变化。首先，由于软件成为了产品用户体验不可或缺的一部分，工业设计师就不能够不考虑软件的体验而单独设计硬件了。硬件上的一个按钮可以激活屏显，并且如果硬件和软件之间没有紧密结合起来的话，用户在体验上将会失望。第二，今天设计师所需的技能不仅仅是外形设计。许多公司正在面临的挑战不是技术能够做什么而是技术应该做什么。在重新定义这些新的产品类型学应该是什么和设想人们应该怎样体验它们这方面，设计师的创造力可以拓展到更多的战略角色上。

工业设计师设计一个产品不能够将其界面和使用环境分离开来，一个很好的例子就是：阿姆斯特丹机场的公用电话亭。这个电话亭可以发邮件还可以上网。它由两个部分组成，一个是在腰部位置的输入界面触摸屏，一个是在头部的大的公共显示屏。这样的设计就没有考虑到邮件隐私方面的问题，当邮件进入到小的屏幕中是也会在上面的大屏幕中显示出来。由于虚拟的键盘不准

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确并且可能有错误的输入，因此用一个触摸屏界面来接受邮件也是非常笨重的。

5.思维与创作的新形式

一个产品本性的典型变化需要新形式的思维与创造。软件驱动的并且联网的产品使得产品的发展更具复杂性，而且当产品外观设计完整之后，将软件功能分配给硬件按钮的老方法将不能保证一个合理的操作体验。工业设计师应该把用户体验作为一个整体来考虑，而不是仅仅考虑产品的外观设计。另外，工业设计师也应该跨越独立物体设计的思维，转而考虑相互依赖的产品系统的设计。

对于新产品的创新，工业设计师考虑的重点应该从集中于产品外观设计转变到首先考虑人们的行为和需求。依靠采取设计师-研究者的角色去揭开这些潜在的需求可以鼓舞设计师们在人们真实体验的基础上去创新。

随着产品复杂性的增加，对于工业设计师来说突破只为硬件产品而设计的传统观念是必要的，并且跨越国界组成一个交互设计师、软件工程师等的团队来一起工作也是必要的。这样可以确保产生一个融硬件、软件及分布式系统设计于一体的更加合理的用户体验式设计。

参考文献：

【1】施密特，A.“设计杂谈：交互边缘” 创新，2001年4月

【2】沃克，A.“交互，反映与体验：设计的新招牌” 蓝图，2001年8月

【3】诺曼，D.《隐形电脑：为什么好的产品会失败，个人电脑是如此的复杂？信息家电

才是解决方法》麻省理工学院出版社（再版），1999年

【4】普瑞斯，罗杰斯和夏普《交互式设计：超越人机交互》约翰威利和父子公司，2002

年

【5】阿尔本，L.“处于交互设计的核心” 设计管理日志，1997年夏

【6】阿尔本，L.“体验的品质：为有效交互设计制定标准” 交互，1996年5月

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