中考阅读会遇到猜词题和推断题,本篇是CN人才小编为大家收集整理的这两种题型的做题方法,希望对大家有所帮助,欢迎阅读。
一、猜 词 题
在中考阅读理解的考查要求中,有一项要求考生能根据上下文和构词法等推断、理解生词的含义,这项要求对应的题正是我们平常所说的“猜词题”。可在中考的实际考查中,利用构词法来猜测词义的情况并不多见,往往需要考生利用上下文来推断生词。而这一方法不仅仅只适用于猜词题,在平常的阅读中大家也常常会遇到各种生词,也会需要学会去利用上下文来推测词义。一般来说,大家可以采用以下四种方法来帮助猜测词义。
通过上下文的关系(如因果、转折等)来推测词义
52. What does the underlined word "intrusive" probably mean? (2016年北京市东城一模)
A. Interruptive B. Helpful.
C. Unsatisfactory D. Important.
原文:Now that I have just moved to France, this can be very convenient. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber, or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenience and dependability of technology can be intrusive.
本题考查猜词题,题目问划线词intrusive是什么意思。原文写到“... I have just moved to France, this can be very convenient”,在说沟通交流的便捷,其感情色彩应为正面的。而intrusive在转折词however的后面,所以其感情色彩应为负面的,排除B和D。第二段又说“每个人都需要有自己的时间”,说明作者认为我们现在的生活被各种沟通交流的技术所干扰,故正确答案为选项A。
因此我们在猜测阅读题中的单词词义的时候,我们可以先根据关联词判断前后句的关系,从而推测划线词在句中的含义。
通过同义词和近、反义词来推测词义
What does the underlined word "essential" mean in Chinese? (2012年长沙市中考)
A. 时髦的 B. 必要的 C. 昂贵的
原文:"No one in New York is going to let their child go to school without a cellphone." What about the cellphone owners, the students? Most of the students said since cellphones were essential, they were like an extra (额外的) hand or foot for them.
由连词and可知essential和后文的“were like an extra (額外的) hand or foot for them.”意义相近,再通过对比选项,我们可知B选项最接近答案。
因此可知,我们在面对这类题型时,需要先判断清前后半句话的联系,再由已知的半句话推断词义。而已知内容与需要猜测的内容必定是意思相近或者相反的,因此我们可以通过已知的同义词和近、反义词来推测。
通过定义或释义说明来推测词义
A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ______. (2009年北京市高级中等学校招生考试)
A. illness and abilities
B. thoughts and behavior
C. mind and nervous system
D. physical activity and daily exercise
先回到原文找划线词:Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. 从原文中的called (被叫做)可知,called前面的部分正是单词psychologists的定义。通过对比原文和选项我们发现,原文中“study the human mind”对应选项中的thought,原文中“try to explain why people behave in the way that they do”和选项中的behavior相对应,因此正确答案为B。
注意:中考解题时,如果在原文中发现诸如called、that is to say、another name is等等这样的表达时,附近基本就有定义或释义,倘若有相关的猜词题,完全有可能从这些地方找到答案。
通过生活常识来推测词义
在阅读的时候我们还会碰到一些词,虽然并不涉及解题,但在阅读原文时如果能推测出其词义将会有助于对文章的理解。试看下面两个例子。
1In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large dowry.
2But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought.
我们在阅读过程中可能还会遇到一类题目,需要我们通过常识来判断词义。
第1句中,我们可以知道dowry是古时候女孩子出嫁到丈夫家时需要带上的东西。由生活常识我们可知,dowry应该是“嫁妆”。
第2句中,通过常识判断,很长很长时间没有下雨之后自然会发生干旱,因此此处的drought应为“干旱”。
二、推 断 题
在中考阅读理解的考查要求中,还有这样一项要求:考生能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系,能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点和意图。而这项要求对应的题型就是我们平常所说的“推断题”。解推断题时必须牢记以下两点:①答案来自于原文但不等同于原文;②答案必须忠于原文,不能主观臆断。且看下面的例题。
What can be inferred from the first paragraph? (洛阳市第一高级中学2015~2016高一上学期月考)
A. The writer was a newcomer to her office.
B. A fellow sent her a dozen red roses as a Christmas present.
C. She was in low spirits because she had to work before Christmas.
D. She was at work with a light heart.
原文:It was the afternoon of December 24, the day before Christmas, and as the newest doctor in our office, I had to work. The only thing that brightened my day was the beautifully decorated Christmas tree in our waiting room and a gift sent to me by a fellow I was dating (约会) —a dozen long-stemmed red roses.
题中infer表明这是一道推断题,需要我们根据第一段来进行推断。由原文“as the newest doctor in our office”可知A选项为原文复现,不属于推断,因此不选。由第一段最后一句话可知,B选项也为同义转述,因此等同于原文,不选。由“... I had to work. The only thing that brightened my day was ...”可推斷,作者并不愿意工作,并且今天大部分时间都是不开心的,因此C选项为推断内容。D选项与原文表达意思相反,因此不选。由此可见,只要严格遵守上述两个规则,解推断题并不难。