动词的时态和语态专题复习

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动词的时态和语态专题复习

  不及物动词不能用于被动语态

  如appear,rise,die,happen,belong to,break out,take place等。

  Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)

  Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)

  我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。

  表示状态的动词不用于被动语态

  如lack,fit,mean,hold,have,cost,contain,become,last,possess,consist of,look like等。

  The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。

  What’s become of her?她怎么了?

  主动形式表被动的几种情况

  (1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义,如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等。

  The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。

  The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。

  (2)在主语是物的句子里,有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有

  sell,read,write,wear,wash,open,clean,cook,keep,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,run,record,begin,shut等。

  This type of recorder sells well.

  这种型号的录音机销路很好。

  H e doesn’t photograph well.他不太上相。

  This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。

  (3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义

  通常是事物(也可以是人)作want,need, require,deserve等动词的主语时,表示事物(或人)客观上“需要……”,用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的,后面还应有相应的介词。

  The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。

  这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。

  The children need to be looked after.

  (4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy,difficult,light,heavy,fit,good,safe,comfortable,dangerous,pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

  She is easy to approach.她平易近人。

  The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。

  不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略

  在主动语态中,如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词,这个动词前往往不用to,但在被动语态中要带to。

  I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。

  She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。

  get (got)+过去分词也可构成被动语态

  get常同marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress等动词的过去分词连用,构成被动语态。

  John and Jane got married last month.

  上个月,约翰和简结婚了。

  They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。

  1. Daniel’s family________their holiday in Huangsh an this time next week.

  A.are enjoying B.are to enjoy

  C.will enjoy D.will be enjoying

  【解析】句意为:丹尼尔一家人下个星期的这个时候肯定正在黄山度假。根据this time next week判断,选用将来进行时will be doing。

  【答案】 D

  2. My parents have promised to come to see me before I________for Africa.

  A.have left B.leave

  C.left D.will leave

  【解析】句意为:我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是将来动作,before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时。

  【答案】 B

  3.During the period of recent terrorist activities,people________not to touch any unattended bag.

  A.had always been warned

  B.were always being warned

  C.are always warning

  D.always warned

  【解析】句意为:在最近恐怖活动期间,人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事,表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”,要用被动语态。

  【答案】 B

  4.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.

  A.is B.are

  C.has been D.have been

  【解析】句意为:在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。“the number of+n.”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式;由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。

  【答案】 C

  5. —Ann is in hospital.

  —Oh,really?I________know.I________go and visit her.

  A.didn’t;am going to B.don’t;would

  C.don’t;will D.didn’t;will

  【解析】句意为:——Ann在住院。——哦,真的吗?我还不知道呢。我要去看望她。这里讲的I didn’t know指的是在对方还没告知Ann在住院这件事之前,我不知道,所以用一般过去时;第二个空用will指的是事先未经计划或安排的“意愿,打算”。

  【答案】 D

  6. —Hi,Torry,can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?

  —Sorry.________.

  A.It’s repaired

  B.It has been repaired

  C.It’s being repaired

  D.It had been repaired

  【解析】句意为:——嗨,Torry,今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗?——真抱歉,电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修,需用现在进行时的被动语态。

  【答案】 C

  7.—What do you think of the movie?

  —It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I________the beginning of it.

  A.missed B.had missed

  C.miss D.would miss

  【解析】句意为:——你觉得这部电影怎么样?——太棒了。唯一可惜的是,我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情,故选A。

  【答案】 A

  8. His sister left home in 1998,and________since.

  A.had not been heard of

  B.has not been heard of

  C.had not heard of

  D.has not heard of

  【解析】句意为:他妹妹在1998年离开家,从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意,指的是过去离开以后,到现在一直没音讯,故用现在完成时;hear of与his sister在本句中为被动关系,故用被动语态,所以选B。

  【答案】 B

  9. According to the literary review,Shakespeare________his characters live through their language in his plays.

  A.will make B.had made

  C.was making D.makes

  【解析】句意为:这篇文学评论说,莎士比亚使他剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态,当介绍一种理论时,常用一般现在时。

  【答案】 D

  10.Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair_______ _all day.Could you speak to her now?

  A.phones B.has phoned

  C.has been pho ning D.phoned

  【解析】句意为:打扰了,Marcia,一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗?根据句意和时间状语all day可知,此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感,如:不满,抱怨,责备等。注意,现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束,侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。

  【答案】 C

  11.—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?

  —Terry?Never!She________tents and fresh air!

  A.has hated B.hated

  C.will hate D.hates

  【解析】结合题意可知此处应用一般现在时表示她的习惯,她讨厌帐篷和新鲜的空气。

  【答案】 D

  12.—Got your driving license?

  —No.I________too busy to have enough practice,so I didn’t take the driving test last week.

  A.was B.am

  C.have been D.had been

  【解析】考查时态。根据句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week可知说话人过去一直很忙而没有进行足够的练习,以至于没有参加上周的驾照考试。发生在过去的动作“take”之前,因此应该用过去完成时。

  【答案】 D

  13.(20xx届成都玉林中学月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.

  A.will graduate B.will have graduated

  C.graduates D.is to graduate

  【解析】考查时态。by the time引导的是时间状语从句,而本句的主句是将来时,所以从句用一般现在时表示将来。

  【答案】 C

  14.I________in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.

  A.lived B.have lived

  C.had lived D.was living

  【解析】 “我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述,过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响,故用一般过去时。

  【答案】 A

  15.—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?

  —Sorry,I________.Would you please say it again?

  A.hadn’t listened B.wouldn’t listen

  C.wasn’t listening D.didn’t listen

  【解析】考查时态。从本题的语境来看,说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议,因此,使用过去进行时,表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。

  【答案】 C

  16.Although many measures________,the world’s economy is still going down.

  A.were taken B.have been taken

  C.will be taken D.are taken

  【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响,所以用现在完成时;take与measures之间构成动宾关系,所以要用被动语态。

  【答案】 B

  17. Since the beginning of the vacation,I__ ____across the country,and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.

  A.had traveled B.will travel

  C.have been traveling D.was traveling

  【解析】考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since+过去的时间点,结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,并可能持续下去。

  【答案】 C

  18.Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.

  A.have been affected B.have affected

  C.are affected D.affect

  【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意为:政府正在试图控制感染H1N1流感的人的数量。人们被感染流感,用sb.be affected by sth.结构,这里说的是现在的一般情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。

  【答案】 C

  19.(20xx年长春第一次调研)—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.

  —Impossible.She________the Internet with me i n my home then.

  A.surfed B.had surfed

  C.would surf D.was surfing

  【解析】考查时态。根据对话内容可知,昨天晚上九点时Lucy正在和我一起上网,因此用过去进行时。

  【答案】 D

  20.(20xx年上海春招)The employees________that they should renew their contracts within a week.

  A.advise B.have advised

  C.are advised D.had been advised

  【解析】考查动词的语态。语意:(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意,The employees与advise为动宾关系,所以应该用被动结构,故选C项。

  【答案】 C

  21.(20xx届抚顺一中第一次同步考试)With the help of high technologh,more and more new substances________in the past years.

  A.discovered

  B.have discovered

  C.had been discovered

  D.have been discovered

  【解析】考查时态和语态。由句中的时间状语in the past years可知,这里应用现在完成时;句子的主语new substances与discover之间为动宾关系,故选D项。

  【答案】 D

  22.(20xx届成都联考)—Look!Everything here is under construction.

  —What’s the pretty small house that________for?

  A.is being built B.has been built

  C.is built D.is building

  【解析】考查时态和语态。语意表明从句中用现在进行时,名词house是动词build的承受者,所以谓语用现在进行时的被动语态。第二句语意为:正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用来做什么的?

  【答案】 A

  23.(20xx届江西高安中学月考)—Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai?

  —Yes,I tried to find my way to the airport but________.

  A.has been lost B.get lost

  C.lost D.got lost

  【解析】前面的问句以及tried暗示时态应为一般过去时,因此选got lost。

  【答案】 D

  24.(20xx届皖南八校联考)We’ve been told the good news,but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation________yet.

  A.are not discussed

  B.have not been discussed

  C.is not being discussed

  D.has not been discussed

  【解析】后一分句的主语为when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation,表示的是一件事,谓语动词用单数形式,由此排除A、B两项。根据句末的yet可知应该用完成时,即这件事还没有被讨论。

  【答案】 D

  25.(20xx年西安质量检测)We haven’t moved into the new office building—it________right now.

  A.is decorating B.has been decorated

  C.is being decorated D.has been decorating

  【解析】考查动词时态、语态。根据题干中前面一句话的时态及后一句话中的时间状语right now可知,应用现在进行时;又依据语意可知,房子正在(被)装修,因此选C。

  【答案】 C

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