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考研英语:语法大全(情态动词-will,would,ought)
情态动词Will
可用于各人称,表示“意志”、“意愿”、“决心”、“允诺”等。如:
I will try.我愿一试。
I will do my best.我一定尽力而为。
We will never do it again.我们永远不会再做此事了。
Which will you fake?你要哪一个?
Who will go with me?谁愿和我一同去?
will在疑问句中用子第二人称时
这时句子表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。如:
Will you please explain the sentence once more?请你再把这个句子解释一遍好吗?
Will you have western food or Chinese food,Mr. Smith?史密斯先生,你吃西餐还是中餐?
Will you pass me the butter?请你把黄油递给我好吗?
注意下面句中的won't亦表请求:
Won't you come in ?请进来好吗?
注一:在条件状语从句中须用现在一般时表将来,但当will用作情态动词表意愿时,则亦可用于条件状语从句,如I'll be glad if you will come.(你如愿来,我将会很高兴)。
注二:will在下面句子中= I suppose(我猜想)或probably(大概)。如:
This will be the room you are looking for.这大概就是你要找的那个房间。
You will remember the story I told you the other day.你们大概还记得我那天给你们讲的那个故事。
注三:will有时表示一种习惯动作或状态。如:
Water will boil at 100 degrees Centigrade.水总是在摄氏100度煮沸。
Boys will be boys.男孩子总是男孩子。
情态动词——would
Would
是will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”、“愿望”和“决心”等。如:
He declared that he would do everything to help us.他说要尽一切可能来帮助我们。
I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告诉彼得我要跟他一块去。
All in e doctors and nurses told Dr. Bethune not to give his own blood to the wounded, but he wouldn't listen.和护士劝白求恩大夫不要把自己的血输给伤员,但是他不听。
would用来表示现在时间时
这时would不论是表达说话人本身的意志或向对方提出请求,均较will婉转。如:
Would you tell us something about yourself?请跟我们谈谈你自己好吗?
Would you like to have a glass of wine?你要喝杯酒吗?
Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop?请告诉我去最近的公共汽车站怎么走好吗?
Would you mind helping me with my packing?请你帮我打打行李好吗?
注:在日常会话中,I would like to和I should like to都可以说,I would like的简略式为I'd like.如:
I should (would) like to have a look at the new television set.我想看看这架新电视机。
I'd like to borrow a copy of Alice in Wonderland.我要借一本《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》。
Would还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我发现退休的人经常到公园里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.当他有个问题要解决时,他总是想办法一直到找到答案为止。
情态动词——ought
ought
ought只有一种形式,后面须跟带to的动词不定式。Ought表示“有义务或必要”做某件事,还可表示“劝告”。如:。
You ought to follow the old man's advice.你应当听那位老人的话。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.你不应当抽烟太多。
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你脸色不好,应该马上到医务室去。
注:ought表示“应该”,语气比should强。
ought后加动词不定式的完成式时
指过去的动作。如用肯定形式(ought to have done),表示某一件事该做而未做,相当于should have done.如用否定形式(ought not to have done),则表示一件不该做的事情发生了,相当于should not have done.如:
He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.这个练习他应当作得更细心一些。
I ought to have returned these books to the library last week.我上星期就应当把这些书还给图书馆。
You ought not to have been so rude.你不该这样粗鲁。
You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不该没有得到他的许可就把他的冰鞋拿走。
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