考研英语：真题演练如何做阅读

时间：2024-10-13 20:35:06 晓凤考研英语我要投稿

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2024考研英语：真题演练如何做阅读

　　在刚开始进行阅读练习时，大家可以先分句翻译，然后根据上下文与段落整体逻辑进行整合串联。下面就给举几个真题的段落供大家练习并进行解析。

2024考研英语：真题演练如何做阅读

　　考研英语：真题演练如何做阅读 1

　　【真题例举】

　　Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy， with a glass thats perpetually half fall. But thats exactly the kind of falsecheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldnt recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar， a Harvard professor， According to Ben-Shahar， realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen， but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

　　Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag， after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner； some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction， He analyzes the weak lecture， leaning lessons， for the future about what works and what doesnt. Finally， there is perspective， which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life， one lecture really doesnt matter.

　　【参考译文】

　　大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的.乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。

　　Ben-Shahar会使用三种乐观的方法。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是很正常的事。他会提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖，总会有一些人的演讲效果不及其他人。其次是进行重构。他分析效果不好的演讲并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后，现在存在这样一个观点，即在生活的宏伟计划中，一次演讲是无关紧要的。

　　【解析】

　　这两段共10句话。其中，定语从句有5个，并列句有3个，宾语从句有5个，状语从句有1个。

　　定语从句：

　　1）the kind of false cheerfulness（先行词）that（引导词）positive psychologists wouldn‘t recommend

　　2）those（先行词）who（引导词）make the best of things that happen

　　3）the best of things（先行词）that（引导词）happen

　　4）those（先行词）who（引导词）believe everything happens for the best

　　5）there is perspective（先行词），which（引导词）involves acknowledging

　　并列句：

　　1）But that‘s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness…（转折关系）

　　2）are those who…， but not those who…（表语之间的转折关系）

　　3）about what works and what doesn‘t（介词宾语的并列关系）

　　宾语从句：

　　1）…believe（省略引导词that）everything happens for the best.

　　2）…reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner（直接宾语为宾语从句）

　　3）about what（引导词）works（介词宾语从句）

　　4）and what（引导词）doesn‘t（介词宾语从句，省略about）

　　5）that（引导词）in the ground scheme of life， one lecture really doesn‘t matter.

　　时间状语从句：

　　When he feels down—say， after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself…

　　大家在复习的时候，别忘了可以把这些长难句中的好词好句总结起来，英语作文说不定还会用到它们呢。

　　考研英语：真题演练如何做阅读 2

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　　One of the simplest and best known kinds of crystal is the ionic salt, of which a typical example is sodium chloride, or ordinary table salt. The fundamental components of an ionic salt are ions: atoms or molecules that have become electrically charged by gaining or losing one more electrons. In forming sodium chloride, for example, sodium atoms give up an electron (thereby becoming positively charged) and chlorine atoms gain an electron (thereby becoming negatively charged). The ions are attracted to one another by their opposite charges, and they stack together compactly, like tightly packed spheres.

　　Recently, scientists at Michigan State University created a new kind of crystal called an electride. In electrides, the anions (negative ions) are completely replaced by electrons, which are trapped in naturally formed cavities within a framework of regularly stacked cations (positive ions). Electrides are the first examples of ionic salts in which all these anionic sites are occupied solely by electrons.

　　Unlike other types of anions, anionic electrons do not behave as if they were simple charged spheres. In particular, because of their low mass and their tendency to interact with one another over great distances, they cannot be “pinned down” to any one location. Instead, they wander close to and among the atoms lining the cavity and interact with electrons in nearby cavities, perhaps changing places with them.

　　The properties of an electride depend largely on the distance between the cavities that hold trapped electrons. When the trapped electrons are far apart, they do not interact strongly, and so behave somewhat like an array of isolated negative charges. When they are closer together, they begin to display properties associated with large ensembles of identical particles. When they are still closer, the ensemble properties dominate and the electrons “delocalize”: they are no longer tightly bound within individual cavities but are more or less free to pass through the spaces within the framework of positive ions.

　　By synthesizing electrides from a variety of materials, one can vary the geometry of the anionic cavities and their relation to the surrounding cations. The resulting properties may make it possible for electrides to become a basis for economically useful new materials and devices. For instance, because the electrons in some electrides are very weakly bound, these crystals could be effective as photosensitive detectors, in which an impinging photon liberates an electron, resulting in a small electric current. The same weak binding could also make electrides useful in solar energy converters and as cathodes in batteries. One obstacle is the tendency of electrides to decompose through reaction with air and water. Researchers are seeking ways to increase their stability.

　　1. The text is primarily concerned with discussing

　　[A] a way to isolate electrons.

　　[B] the characteristics of a new kind of crystal.

　　[C] the structure of an ionic salt.

　　[D] commercial uses for electrides.

　　2. In the first paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with

　　[A] introducing a variant on the standard atomic theory.

　　[B] describing how chlorine atoms can become negatively charged.

　　[C] describing some early research at Michigan State University.

　　[D] providing background for the technical discussion to follow.

　　3. According to the text, the defining characteristic of an electride is which of the following?

　　[A] Its positive are of particularly low mass.