sketch
n.素描;略图，草图;梗概 v.绘略图;速写，写生
【例】He did a sketch of the ballet dancers.他为这些芭蕾舞者花了一张素描。
【同义替换】describe, picture, draft, outline, description, account
【派生】sketchy a.概要的，略图的;不完全的;不确定的 sketcher n.作素描者，舞台布景设计者
【真题】This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references.
自我介绍实际是对你工作生活的概括，应该包括所受教育、社会经历和推荐信。
moderate
v.缓和;使适中 a.有节制的;中等的，适度的;温和的，稳健的
【例】In fact, he is a man with moderate views.事实上，他是一个一件温和的人。
【同义替换】temperate, abstinent; modest, medium; mild
【派生】moderately ad. 适度地;有节制地 moderation n.适度;节制;温和
【真题】If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
如果该合法团体的这一不太过分的目的能得以实现，那么提供产品信息实际上可能是为了顾客的利益，而不是为了保护公司免除法律责任。
budget
n.预算 v.做预算
【例】If we budget carefully, we will be able to afford a new car.如果我们精打细算，就能买一辆新汽车了。
【同义替换】spend
【派生】budgetary a.预算的
【真题】An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted——the trouble is, no one knows which half.
老话说得好，“所有广告预算的一半都浪费了”。可问题在于，没有人知道那一半浪费在什么地方了。
boost
n./v.提升;增加
【例】The information industry boosted the global economy.信息产业促进了全球经济的发展。
【同义替换】promote, facilitate, enhance; increase, augment
【真题】Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.
笑确实会使心脏和心血管的功能产生短时间的变化，它会加快心率和氧消耗。
specialize
v.(in)专攻，专门研究，专业化
【例】The ship around the corner specializes in chocolates.拐角那家商店专门出售巧克力。
【构词】special(专门的)+-ize(使……)→专攻
【同义替换】major, particularize
【派生】specialized a.专攻的 specialization n.专门化，特殊化
【真题】Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.
在他去世之前，新闻业的品味就早已改变了。并且后现代的读者们很少阅读他所擅长的经过华丽装饰的维多利亚和爱德华时期风格的文章。
retreat
n./v.撤退，退却
【例】Retreat from unpleasant realities into comforting illusions rarely solves any problems.逃避令人不愉快的现实而沉迷于舒适的幻想，是解决不了任何问题的。
【同义替换】retire, withdraw
【真题】It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.
随着其他国家日益强盛，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。从优势地位上退出的痛苦也同样是不可避免的。