资源流动的环境效应

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资源流动的环境效应

摘要： 21世纪,中国的人口和经济的持续增长面临着资源短缺和生态脆弱的限制.提高资源利用效率和消减资源利用引起的环境影响是学术界和决策者面临的新课题.本文从资源流动的视角研究资源利用过程及其引起的环境影响.我们把资源流动过程分解为开采、加工、转化、消费等几个关键环节,评价其资源利用效率和环境影响,并寻求改善的途径.因其资源消耗量大、生态环境影响严重,我们选取了林木、煤炭及石油研究其资源与产品流动及其环境影响.林木产品的产量、进出口量和消费量数据来自中国森林统计年鉴(1949-2001).煤炭、石油的开采量、进出口量和消费量来自中国能源统计年鉴(1980-2006).研究表明:过去几十年,中国的资源利用效率有所提高,资源消费结构逐步改善,但资源消费总量居高不下,对生态环境构成极大的压力. Abstract： In the 21st century, China is facing some challenges, e.g. population growth, rapid economy development, resources limitation and environmental vulnerability. Resource-use efficiency and the environmental impacts associated with growing resource utilization is a new challenge for both scientists and politicians, especially. In this paper, the concepts of resources and resource products flow is presented in order to analyze the environmental impacts that occur as a result of the resource flow process. We focus on forest resources, coal products and oil flows as these the main resources and products that are produced continuous severe and increasing environmental pressure. The data for domestic yield and exploitation, importation, exportation, and consumption, for various industries come from China's forest statistical yearbooks for the period 1949 to 2001, and China's energy statistical yearbooks for 1980 to 2006. We divided the resources flow process into key stages, such as harvest,exploitation, process or conversion and end consumption. Resources efficiency and environmental performance for each stage were evaluated. This study showed: resource-use efficiency improved and the structure of resources consumption has been optimized markedly in the past decades in China. However,the absolute quantities of resources consumption are still increasing, and the environment pressures originating from resource use became more severe. 作者：成升魁徐增让苏筠刘晓洁沈镭谢高地甄霖李晓娟龙鑫作者单位：成升魁,徐增让,刘晓洁,沈镭,谢高地,甄霖,李晓娟,龙鑫(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101)

苏筠(北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京,100875)

期刊：资源与生态学报（英文版） Journal： JOURNAL OF RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY 年，卷(期)： 2010, 1(1) 分类号： X3 关键词：资源流动环境效应林木资源煤炭石油 Keywords： resources flow environmental impacts forest coal raw oil

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