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英语考研单词整理笔记
英语考研单词整理笔记1
1、allocate(vt)～sth to sb/sth assign sth for a special perpuse(为某目的)配给，分配某事物给某人
allocate funds to us for repair work拨出经费给我们做修理费
◎ allocation(n)配给，分配，拨出
★ apportion(vt)～sth among/to sb give sth as a share分配某事物，分派某事物
I don’t wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you。我不愿意怪罪大家。
◎ apportionment(n)分配，分派
2、brawl(n)大声争吵，打架
(vi)打闹
gangs of youths brawling in the streets在街上打打闹闹的一帮青年
★ fight(vi)～against争取克服、战胜、摧毁或防止某事物
fight against poverty与贫困做斗争
The two dogs are fighting over a bone。两只小狗为一块骨头撕咬。
(vi)～about/over sth争吵，争论
It’s a trivial matter and not worth fighting about。区区小事不值得争吵。
(词组)fight back反击，回击，抵抗
After a disastrous first half the team fought back to level the match。该队在上半场惨败后重整旗鼓以求扳回平局。
(词组)fight sb/sth off抵抗或击退某人某事物
fighting off repeated enemy attack击退敌人一次又一次的进攻。
3、cynical(adj)愤世嫉俗的，自私的不为人所齿的，心中只有自己的尔尔。
They’ve grown rather cynical about democracy他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过
★ sarcastic(adj)讽刺的，讥讽的，挖苦的
a sarcastic person好挖苦的人
◎ sarcasm(n)讽刺，挖苦
★ contemptuous(adj)鄙视的，表示轻蔑的
He threw it away with contemptuous gesture。他带着不屑一顾的样子把它扔了。
★ sneer(vi)～at sb/sth嘲笑，讥笑某人某事物
I resent the way he sneer at our efforts我们已十分努力而他还讥笑我们，我很反感。
4、embellish(vt)～sth with sth美化、装饰或修饰某物;渲染、添枝加叶(使之更有趣，可笑)
a dress embellished with lace and ribbons有花边和饰带的连衣裙
He often embellishes the tales of his travels。他常给他的旅游趣闻添枝加叶。
◎ embellishment(n)装饰、渲染、润色;装饰之物
★ adorn(vt)～sth/sb/oneself with sth装饰某物、某人、自己，装点，佩戴，装扮
The dancer was adorned with flowers跳舞的人戴着许多花。
5、gallant(adj)勇敢的，英勇的;华丽的，堂皇的
a gallant soldier勇敢的战士
a gallant ship华丽的船
◎ gallantry(n)勇气，勇敢，英勇
He won many hearts by his gallantry。他以殷勤热情赢得芳心无数。
★ splendid(adj)华丽的，壮丽的，堂皇的.
a splendid house富丽堂皇的房子
6、immerse(vt)～sth in sth使某物浸于某液体中
immerse the plant in water把植物浸在水中
(vi)～oneself in sth使自己专心于，沉浸于
He immersed himself totally in his work。他埋头于工作。
★ plunge(vi)使某物突然而猛力投入，穿入，进入等;陷入;使某物突然前移或跌落
They plunged into the water他们跳进了水中
The news plunged us in despair。我们听到那消息后就陷入了绝望。
7、ostentatious(adj)夸耀的，炫耀的，卖弄的
dress in a very ostentatious manner穿的非常显眼
◎ ostentation(n)(对财富、知识、技巧等的)夸耀、炫耀、卖弄
Their daughter’s wedding reception was sheer ostentations他们女儿大办婚事纯
粹是为了炫耀。
★ showy(adj)炫耀的，显示的
8、presentiment(n)预感(尤指不祥的)，凶兆
a presentiment of trouble ahead要出乱子的预感
★ foreboding(n)要有危险或坏事的预感
She had a sinister foreboding that the plane would crash。她有个不祥的预感，飞机
要失事。
◎ forebode(v)预示(尤指坏事)
9、satiate(vt)(通常用于被动语态)使某人充分满足而不再需要某事物
She pushed her chair back from the table，satiated。她把椅子从餐桌处向后挪了挪，再也吃不下了。
★ surfeit(n)(通常做单数)过度，过量(尤指饮食)
a surfeit of rich food is bad for you。多吃油腻食物对身体有害。
(vt)～sb/oneself with/on sth向某人/自己过多的提供某物(尤指食物)
10、undulate(vi)波动，起伏，呈波浪形
wheat undulating in the breeze微风中起伏的麦浪
◎ undulation(n)波动，起伏
★ wave(vi)(指固定的物体)往复或上下摆动
a flag waving in the breeze微风中飘扬的旗子
英语考研单词整理笔记2
1、bicker(vi)～with sb over/about sth (为小事)争吵
The children are always bickering over their toys孩子们常常为了玩具争吵
★ wrangle(vi，n)～with sb about/over sth与某人为某事争吵或争辩
They were involved in a long legal wrangle with the company over payment。他们与那家公司在付款问题上陷入长期的法律纠纷中。
2、contrive(vt)plan cleverly or deceitfully;invent;design谋划或策划某事，发明，设计
(vt)想尽办法做某事
contrive to live on a small income靠微薄收入精打细算过日子
◎ contrived(adj)(贬)人为的，策划的，虚假的，非自发的
a contrived incident intended to mislead the newspaper企图蒙蔽报界的人为事
件。
★ hatch(vi)～out (指小鸟、小鱼)从卵里孵出
The hen hatches out her young by sitting on the eggs母鸡伏在蛋上孵小鸡。
(vt)～sth out/up策划(阴谋)，拟定(计划)
What mischief are those children hatching up?那些孩子在琢磨什么鬼花样?
3、dazzle(vt)(通常用于被动语态)(因强光、闪烁等)使某人目眩，眼花缭乱
I was dazzled by his headlights。他的车头灯照的我目眩。
(vt)使某人赞许，称奇
He was dazzled by her beauty and wit她的聪明美貌使他为之神魂颠倒。
★ glare(n)耀眼的光;怒视，恶狠狠的注视
(习)in the glare of publicity经常在报纸电视上的，受公众瞩目
(vi)～at sb/sth怒视，恶狠狠的盯视
He didn’t shout and swear，but just glared sliently at me。他不喊不骂，只是默默怒
视着我。
◎ glaring(adj)令人目眩的，耀眼的;生气的，凶狠的.
4、fumble(vt)(笨拙的或紧张的)摸索或处理某事物
He fumbled the ball and then dropped it。他笨手笨脚的漏接了球。
(vi)～at/for/with sth笨手笨脚的寻找某物
She fumbled with her notes and began to speak她手忙脚乱的翻出讲稿，然后开始讲
话
★ grope(vi)～about for/after sth摸索，探索
a tricky question which groping him for an answer。迫使他搜寻答案的棘手问题
5、impair(vt)削弱或损害某事物
Today’s attack has seriously impaired attempts to achieve peace in the area。今日发动的攻击严重损害了在该地区谋求和平的努力。
★ damage(n)～to sth损失，损害，损毁; (复数)损害赔偿金
(v)损害，损坏
damage relations between two countries损害两国的关系
6、mortify(vt)(通常用于被动语态)使某人深感羞辱或难堪
He felt mortified他深感难堪
◎ mortifying(adj)使人丢脸的
◎ mortification(n)难堪
★ humiliate(vt)使某人感到羞耻或不光彩，使丧失尊严或自尊
He felt humiliated by her scornful remarks他听到她那些嘲讽的话而感到屈辱。
◎ humiliation(n)受辱
7、predominant(adj)有势力的，占优势的
Which country is the predominant member of the alliance?哪个国家在联盟中居
于支配地位?
(adj)极其显著的，盛行的
Her predominant character is honesty。她最为突出的优点是诚实。
★ outstanding(adj)杰出的，优秀的，
(adj)(通常做定语)地位显著的，为人瞩目的
The outstanding features of the landscape。景色的显著特点。
8、sanitary(adj)清洁的，卫生的，保健的
Conditions in the kitchen was not very sanitary。厨房环境不太卫生
★ hygienic(adj)卫生的，清洁的
hygienic conditions卫生的环境
◎ hygiene(n)卫生学
9、wallet(n)钱包、皮夹(尤指用于放纸币、证件的)
★ purse(n)小钱袋，小钱包
10、warrant(n)～for sth授权命令
issue a warrant for sb’s arrest发出逮捕某人的逮捕状
(n)(可得到货、钱、服务的)凭证，证件
a travel warrant通行证
(n)～for sth/doing sth正当理由，根据
He had no warrant for doing that他那样做毫无道理
(vt)证明正当、有理或恰当
Nothing can warrant such severe punishment。这样严厉de惩罚毫无依据。
★ assurance(n)自信，把握;保证，担保
◎ assure(v)明确或有信心的告诉某人，向某人保证
可能做的都做到了。
They were assured that everything possible was done已经向他们保证，凡是
乐于工作。
(v)～sb/oneself of sth使某人(自己)对某事物确信不疑或觉得肯定无误
They tried to assure him of their willingness to work他们尽力使他相信他们
◎ assured(或者self-assured)(adj)自信的，有把握的
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