2016考研英语翻译练习题：印刷术
Before printing was invented，a scholar had to copycharacters one by one if he wanted to publish a newbook.During the Northern Song Dynasty， Bi Shenginvented the movable-type printing after many yearsof experimentation.He engraved the characters onsmall pieces of clay，and heated them until they became hard movable characters.When printinga book，people placed the moveable characters in order into a whole block and then ran off aprint.After printing， they took the block apart and reused the characters later.This method wasboth economical and time-saving.China's movable-type printing first spread eastward intoKorea and Japan，then westward into Persia and Egypt，and at last，around the world.Theinvention of movable-type printing greatly promoted the cultural exchanges among countriesall over the world.
参考翻译
印刷术发明之前，想出版新书的`学者必须一字一字地抄写。北宋时期，经过多年的实验，毕昇发明了活字印刷术（movable-type printing）。他把汉字刻在一小块泥胚（pieces of clay）上，加热汉字直到其变成硬的活字。印书时，人们按顺序将活字摆在一起，印出印迹。印刷完后，他们把字分开，以后重复使用。这种方法既经济又省时。中国的活字印刷术首先向东传至朝鲜和日本，之后向西传至波斯（Persia）和埃及，最后传遍全球。活字印刷术的发明大大促进了世界各国的文化交流。
1.印刷术：可译为printing.
2.出版新书：可译为publish a new book.
3.刻：即“雕刻”，可译为engrave.
4.泥胚：可译为pieces of clay.clay意为“黏土，陶土”。
5.按顺序：可译为in order.
6.向东传至朝鲜和日本：可译为spread eastward intoKorea and Japan.
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