高一英语Unit2 English around the world教案

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关于高一英语Unit2 English around the world教案

　　知识搜索

　　A. 单词?

　　1.发音?(v.?)_____________

　　2.宽的? (adj.)______________

　　3.毛巾 (?n.?)____________

　　4.多数 (?n.?)_____________

　　5.本国的? (adj.)_______________

　　6.舌头 (?n.?)____________

　　7.相等的? (adj.)_______________

　　8.政府 (?n.?)____________

　　9.国际的? (adj.)_______________

　　10.情景 (?n.?)____________

　　11.表情 (?n.?)_____________

　　12.组织 (?n.?)_____________

　　13.全球的? (adj.)________________

　　14.交际? (v.)__________________

　　15.服务 (?n.?)______________

　　16.信号 (?n.?)______________

　　17.司令官 (?n.?)______________

　　18.独立自主的? (adj.)_________________

　　19.比较? (v.)___________________

　　20.出版? (v.)___________________

　　答案：1.pronounce 2.broad 3.towel?4.majority?5.native 6.tongue 7.equal?8.government?9.international 10.situation 11.expression 12.organization 13.global 14municate 15.service?16.signal?17mander 18.independent 19pare 20.publish

　　B. 短语?

　　21.在这种情景下________ ________ ________

　　22.与某人交流_______ ________ ________

　　23.引进,赢利________ _________

　　24.发生_______ ________

　　25.很多_______ ________ ________

　　26.熬夜_______ ________

　　27.大多数_________ _________ _________

　　28.别客气_______ _________ _________ _________

　　29.以……告终_______ ________ _______

　　30.一个欧洲国家______ _______ ________

　　31.母语，本族语______ ________

　　32.全球变暖________ ________

　　33.对……有很好的了解________ ________ ________ _________ ________

　　34.多多少少，或多或少________ ________ ________

　　35.做……有困难________ ________ _________ _________

　　36.说英语的国家________ ________

　　37.总共________ _________

　　38.国际组织________ __________

　　39.交换服务________ ________

　　40.在过去的几个世纪里________ ________ ________

　　答案：21.in this situation 22municate with somebody 23.bring in

　　24e about? 25.a great many 26.stay up 27.the majority of 28.make oneself at home 29 end up with 30 an European country 31.mother tongue/native language 32.global warming 33.have a good knowledge of 34.more or less 35.have difficulty (in )doing 36.English?speaking countries 37.in total 38.international?organization ?39.exchange? services 40.over the centuries

　　C. 句型?

　　41.在那个男孩的帮助下，我们没费多大的劲就找到了那个村庄

　　With the boy_______ (lead) the way, we had no much difficulty_______ (find) the village.?

　　42.我们班的人数是50，其中很多人是本地人

　　_______ ________ of the students in our class is 50 and_______ _______of them______ native.?

　　43.As time goes by, he has a worse and worse temper(脾气).?

　　→With time_______ _______ , he has a worse and worse ?temper.??

　　答案：41.leading,finding 42.The number, a great many, are 43.going by

　　D. 语法?

　　44. The young father said to his children: “Stand still, please!”→?

　　The young father told ____________.?

　　45. other told me not to leave the door open after midnight.→ ?

　　other said to me:“______________.”?

　　答案：44. his children to stand still?

　　45. Don’t leave the door open after midnight, please.?

　　重难聚焦

　　重点单词

　　要点1 while

　　【例题】(经典回放)She thought I was talking about her daughter, ______,in fact, I was talking about my daughter.??

　　A. whom B. where

　　C. which D. while?

　　解析:此句意思是“她当时认为我在谈论她的女儿,但实际上我在谈论我的女儿”，表转折。whom, where, which在此引导定语从句，不妥

　　答案:D?

　　归纳与迁移

　　(1)(用以表示对比或相反的情况) 而；然而?

　　I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.?

　　我喜欢喝黑咖啡，而他喜欢带冰激凌的咖啡

　　(2)＝ although虽然?

　　While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved. ?

　　虽然我承认有问题，但我不认为不能解决

　　(3)＝during the time that, when当……时?

　　He fell asleep while doing homework.?

　　他做作业时睡着了。

　　要点2 difficulty

　　【例题】Did you have trouble ______the post office?

　　A. to have foundB. with founding?

　　C. to findD. in finding?

　　解析:“表示做某事有（无）困难”用 have (no) difficulty (in)doing something，其中difficulty是不可数名词，也可以用trouble，表示“在某方面有（无）困难”则用 have(no)?difficulty? with something

　　答案:D

　　?归纳与迁移?

　　(1)［U］困难，艰难，难度?

　　have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing something做某事有困难/费了很大的劲/没有费劲

　　I had the greatest difficulty in persuading her to give up smoking.?

　　我费了很大的劲劝他戒烟

　　类似词组：have some/much/no trouble (in)doing something?

　　(2)［C］［种种］困难，难事?

　　She met with many difficulties when traveling.?

　　她旅游时遇到了很多困难。

　　要点3 majority

　　?【例题】The ______of children in our class have black eyes; only three have blue eyes.?

　　A. mostB. majorityC. minorityD. mostly?

　　解析:句意为“我们班大多数孩子是黑眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛”。用A项应把the去掉；minority指“少数”；mostly是副词

　　答案:B

　　?归纳与迁移?

　　（1）n. 大多数（谓语用单动或复动）?

　　The majority of people prefer peace to war.?

　　大多数人喜欢和平不喜欢战争

　　The majority were/was in favor of the plan.?

　　大多数人都支持这个计划

　　（2）by a bare majority以勉强的多数票

　　要点4 except

　　【例题】I know nothing about the young girl_______ she is an actress.?

　　A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides?

　　解析:A、D两项后面不直接跟句子，可跟名词、代词、介词短语等,except for 后接名词，except后面接that或when引导的从句

　　答案:C

　　归纳与迁移?

　　（1） besides 作介词时，意思是“除了……还有（包括在内）”，作副词意思是“而且，更何况”，相当于“What’s more”或者“in addition”

　　It was too late to see the film, and besides/what’s more, I was tired. ?

　　看电影看的太晚了，而且我也很累

　　Do you have other friends besides Tom?

　　除了汤姆你还有其他朋友吗？?

　　（2）except 除去……，除了……之外（不包括在内,除去的属于同一类事物）?

　　We all went to see the film except Tom.?

　　除了汤姆我们都去看电影了

　　（3）except for 除去……（除去的不属于同一类事物或者整体中除去一部分）?

　　Your composition is well written except for your handwriting.?

　　除书写外，你的作写得也不错。

　　?重点短语

　　要点1 find out

　　【例题】Have you _______when my train leaves?

　　A. turned outB. come outC. given outD. found out?

　　解析:turn out结果是;come out生产,出版;give out发出,放出;find out找出

　　答案:D?

　　归纳与迁移 ?

　　(1)find+宾语（名词或代词）?

　　At last he found that book.他最后找到了书

　　(2)find+宾语和宾补（形容词、副词、分词、介词短语、不定式）?

　　Did you find life hard in the country?

　　你认为在乡村生活难吗？?

　　You will find it a difficult book.?

　　你一定认为它是很难的一本书

　　We found him already in the care of a doctor.?

　　我们已经发现有一位大夫照看他了

　　(3)find +that clause（此种宾语从句可以转换为复合结构）?

　　We found that he was a good teacher./We found him a good teacher.?

　　我们认为他是个好老师

　　find out 表示经过打听、询问、调查之后才“搞清楚，弄明白，发现”（常指发现无形的隐藏）

　　Have you found out when the flight arrives?

　　你搞明白了飞机何时能到达吗？

　　要点2 more or less

　　【例题】I hope my explanation will prove_______ helpful.?

　　A. more and lessB. more or less?

　　C. more than lessD. more to less?

　　解析:“我希望我的解释多少能有所帮助。”?

　　答案:B?

　　归纳与迁移?

　　(1)差不多，几乎?

　　I have more or less finished reading the book.?

　　我差不多看完这本书了

　　(2)大致；大约；或多或少?

　　It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling.?

　　漆天花板花了我大约一整天的时间。

　　要点3 a great many

　　【例题】 Our class is made of 45 students, ______are boys.?

　　A. many of themB. a great deal?

　　C. most of themD. a great many of whom?

　　解析:a great deal 只修饰不可数名词，所以先排除B。如果A、C项答案前加and，A、C可选

　　答案:D?

　　归纳与迁移?

　　（1）a great many ＝very many很多,修饰可数名词

　　A great many students have finished their task.?

　　很多学生完成任务了

　　A great many of the students have finished their task.?

　　学生中的大多数已经完成任务了

　　（2）相似的词组有：?

　　a large/great number of, many a, etc. ?

　　any a student has had a better knowledge of this physics la?

　　很多学生对这个物理定律已经掌握得很好了

　　（3）只修饰不可数名词的有：?

　　a great deal of, a large amount of, etc. ?

　　A large amount of coal is shipped to all over the world from here every year.?

　　大量的煤每年从这儿装船运往世界各地

　　He has drunk a great deal of water.?

　　他喝了很多水

　　（4）既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词的有：?

　　a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, quantities of, etc. ?

　　(但large quantities of 修饰的名词，不管是可数还是不可数，谓语动词用复数)

　　必背句型

　　要点1 with...独立结构

　　【例题】(经典回放)______production up by 60 percent, the company has had another excellent year.?

　　A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through?

　　解析:本题是考查介词的复合结构。A、B、D 三项都不能带复合结构，只能带宾语，而介词with可以带复合结构

　　答案:C?

　　归纳与迁移?

　　with+宾语+宾语补足语有以下几种情况:?

　　with +宾语（代词/名词）+过去分词/现在分词/形容词/副词或副词短语/不定式?

　　He usually worked in his study with the door locked. ?

　　他一般是锁着门在书房里工作

　　I can’t fix my mind on my work with the children ?playing? so noisily outside my windo?

　　因为孩子们在窗户外吵闹，我无法专心工作

　　She used to sleep with the windows open.?

　　她过去常常敞着窗子睡觉

　　She came to a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.?

　　她到了一条花草丛生的小河边

　　He went out with his head down.

　　他低着头出去了

　　With some much work to do, he will go to that school this weekend. ?

　　因有许多工作要做，本周末他要去那所学校。

　　要点2 It is (was)...that...强调句型

　　【例题】(2010湖北，24)It was______ back home after the experiment.?

　　A. not until midnight did he go

　　B. until midnight that he didn’t go?

　　C. not until midnight that he went?

　　D. until midnight when he didn’t go?

　　解析:在强调句型中，not until不能分开，放在“it is...that”中间，且引导的从句不倒装。答案:C?

　　归纳与迁移?

　　（1）强调句型的结构是“It is...that (who)...” 或者“It was...that (who)...”如果强调的是人，可用that也可用who，意思是“正是……；是……”

　　It was Tom who took you to hospital yesterday.?

　　正是汤姆昨天带你去的医院

　　It was Liu Xiang that won the 110?metre hurdle race.?

　　是刘翔赢得了110米栏冠军

　　（2）如果强调的是物或其他的成分（谓语、定语外）只可以用“It is...that...” 或者“It was...that...”

　　It was during World War Ⅱthat he died. ?

　　正是在二战中他死的

　　Is it for this reason that he will not come here?

　　就是这个理由他将不到这里吗？

　　Fine Arts

　　oduLe 4 Fine Arts—Western，Chinese and Pop Arts 学案外研版必修2 ——精美艺术——西方的和中国的，以及流行的艺术

　　核心词汇

　　1．Companies that are polluting and_____________(破坏)the environment must be closed.

　　2．She refused to allow the______________(展览)of her husband’s work.

　　3．The courts were asked to______________(采用)a more flexible approach to young offenders.

　　4．The color black is____________(传统)associated with mourning.

　　5．Dealing with people is the most important ____________(方面)of my work.

　　6．She was a splendid mimic and loved to____________(模仿)Winston Churchill.

　　7．The police have been____________(观察)his movements.

　　8．I decided to go to the meeting as an____________ (表达)of support.

　　9．He is very____________about his future .He has not____________his ambition of becoming a famous teacher because the____________is that he is not good at teaching.(reality)

　　10．He takes great ____________ in proving others wrong.When he did it, he felt____________. But I don’t think what he does is____________ .(delight)

　　1.destroying 2.exhibition 3.adopt 4.traditionally 5.aspect 6.imitate 7.observing 8.expression 9.realistic；realized；reality 10.delight；delighted；delightful

　　高频短语

　　1．_________________ 对……厌烦

　　2．________________ 爱好；喜欢；喜爱

　　3．________________ 从……可以看出

　　4．________________ 推迟；拖延

　　5．________________ 一直做；连续不断地干

　　6．________________ 盼望；期望

　　7．________________ 在……的末了/结尾

　　8._________________ 理解；明白；了解

　　9．________________ 处于最好状态；处于全盛时期

　　10．________________ 轮流

　　11．________________ 一系列的；一连串的

　　1.be/get tired of 2.be fond of 3.tell by 4.put off 5.go on doing sth. 6.look forward to 7.at the end of 8.make of9.at one’s best 10.take turns 11.a series of

　　重点句式

　　1．Do you like traditional Chinese art ____________ brush and ink?

　　你喜欢用画笔和墨水的中国传统艺术作品吗？

　　2．This is a painting by the Spanish artist，Pablo Picasso, ____________ the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.

　　这是西班牙画家巴勃罗毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的画家。

　　3．Cubist artists painted objects and people, _______________________________________.

　　在描绘物体或人的时候，立体派画家会同时展现对象的多个不同侧面。

　　4．Pop art (from the word“popular”)was an important modern art movement ________________ ordinary twentieth?century city life.

　　波普艺术(此词自popular)是一个重要的现代艺术流派，着眼于展现20世纪普通的城市生活。

　　5．I’m studying art at school，and I enjoy it a lot, __________________________ looking at pictures all the time.

　　我在学校学习艺术，我很开心，虽然老看图可能会看腻。

　　6．What do you ______________ (it)?

　　你认为它怎么样？

　　1.using 2.considered to be 3.with different aspects of the object or person showing at the same time 4.that aimed to show 5.although I can get tired of 6.make of

　　知识详解

　　① observe vt .& vi. 观察，注意到；遵守(法律、习俗等)；

　　庆祝(节日等)；评论，评述

　　(回归本P33)Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully，and his paintings are special because of this.

　　齐白石对自然界观察得很仔细，他的画因此而别具特色。

　　【归纳】

　　①He observed that the key was missing the moment he got home.

　　他一到家就发现钥匙不见了。

　　②Ben knew that someone had observed him meeting Ryan.

　　本知道有人看到他和瑞安见面了。

　　③Does everyone observe the speed limit in your country?

　　在你们国家是否人人都遵守限制车速的规定？

　　④She observed that the journey was long and tiring.

　　她说这次旅行又长又累。

　　【例句探】

　　1.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.

　　A．perform B．possess

　　C．observe D．support

　　解析：选C。observe在此句中意为“遵守”。perform履行，执行，表演；possess占有，拥有，摆布，支配；support支持，支援。

　　2．完成句子

　　Every one is expected to______________________.

　　人人应该遵守交通规则。

　　答案：observe the traffic rules

　　【即境活用】

　　② adopt vt. 采纳，采用；收养

　　(回归本P32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists

　　一种被一群艺术家所采用的绘画风格

　　【归纳】

　　①Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan.因为他们没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。

　　②any of the suggestions were quickly adopted.

　　许多建议很快就被采纳了。

　　③The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...中国政府已正式通过几条噪音控制方案……

　　【例句探】

　　【易混辨析】

　　adopt，adapt

　　(1)adopt表示“采纳(意见//方法)；采用；收养”等。

　　(2)adapt表示“适应”时常用adapt oneself to，表示“修改(为……之用)”时常用adapt＋n.＋for use。

　　①The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school.

　　②We’d like to adopt your idea.

　　3．(2009年高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.

　　A．adapt B．appeal

　　C．attach D．apply

　　解析：选A。考查短语辨析。句意：关于孩子们，好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to表示“使适应于”；appeal to表示“对……有吸引力”；attach to表示“(使)相关”；apply to则表示“运用，适用于”。根据语意，故选A项。

　　【即境活用】

　　4.完成句子

　　Our school has ________________________________.

　　我们学校采用了一个新的教学方法。

　　答案：adopted a new method of teaching

　　③ stand v．站立；忍受；承担

　　n．看台；摊子；立场

　　(回归本P33)But I can’t stand that picture of a golden?haired girl.

　　但我受不了那幅金发女孩儿的画。

　　【归纳总结】

　　can’t stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人/物

　　can’t stand(sb./sth.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人/物)做……

　　stand by袖手旁观；支持(某人)

　　stand for代表

　　stand out显眼；突出

　　stand on one’s hands/head倒立

　　stand on one’s feet独立

　　①I can’t stand listening to songs like that.

　　我受不了那样的音乐。

　　②I can’t stand people interrupting me all the time.

　　我不能容忍老有人打岔。

　　③I can’t stand my little brother because he is too noisy.

　　我不能忍受我的小弟因为他太吵了。

　　④A teacher can’t stand being cheated by his students.

　　老师不能忍受被学生欺骗。

　　【例句探】

　　【即境活用】

　　5. odern plastics can________very high and very low temperatures.

　　A．stand B．hold

　　C．carry D．support

　　解析：选A。stand在句中表示能够承受很高和很低的温度。

　　6．I can’t stand________with Jane in the same office.

　　She just refuses________talking while she works.

　　A．working；stopping B．to work；stopping

　　C．working；to stop D．to work；to stop

　　解析：选C。stand 后跟v.?ing 形式refuse后跟to do 形式。

　　④ reality n．真实；现实；逼真

　　(回归本P33)Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality，but not just imitate it.

　　徐悲鸿认为艺术家应该表现现实，不只是模仿。

　　【归纳总结】

　　①In reality ，my grandfather can no longer walk...

　　事实上，我爷爷已经不能走路了……

　　②I realised that he needed help at that time.

　　我了解到他当时需要帮助。

　　③She finally realised her ambition to see the Great Wall.

　　她最终实现了游览长城的愿望。

　　④This book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in Beijing.

　　这本书真实地描述普通北京人的生活。

　　【例句探】

　　7.The________of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon，the training centre will have to close.

　　A．reality B．cause

　　C．reason D．result

　　解析：选A。句意“现实情况是，如果我们不能很快找到新的资金，培训中心就不得不关闭。”

　　8．完成句子

　　She says she’s poor but_____________she has a lot of money.

　　她说她很穷，但事实上她很有钱。

　　答案：in reality

　　【即境活用】

　　⑤ put off 推迟；延期

　　(回归本P35)She put off completing the picture，because she didn’t like it.

　　她把完成这幅画的时间推迟了，因为她不喜欢这幅画。

　　put aside撇开，置之不理；节省，储蓄，储存

　　put away放好(某物)，储存

　　put back推迟，延迟；使(人或物)回到(以前的位置或状态)

　　put down写下，记下；击败；批评

　　put forward提出；推荐某人

　　put on穿上，戴上；演出

　　put out熄灭，扑灭；生产，制造

　　put up with忍受，忍耐

　　【归纳总结】

　　【例句探】

　　①Don’t put off until tomorrohat can be done today.

　　今日事，今日毕。

　　②We’ll have to put off going on vacation until you’re better.

　　我们得把休假日期推迟，直到你好些为止。

　　③(朗P1661)I just don’t have the money right now—I’ll have to put him off for another week.

　　我现在没钱——我不得不让他再等一周。

　　9.用适当的介词或副词填空

　　(1)Here’s my address－put it ________ in case you forget it.

　　(2)A new theory was put ________ at the meeting.

　　(3)ids，let’s put your toys ________ and go out for lunch.

　　(4)There are many inconveniences that you have to put up ________when you are away from home.

　　(5)He has put ________ a lot of money.

　　答案：(1)down (2)forward (3)away (4)with

　　(5)aside

　　【即境活用】

　　10．(2010年高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)y mother opened the drawer to__________the knives and spoons.

　　A．put away B．put up

　　C．put on D．put together

　　解析：选A。句意：妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away(使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里；put up 举起，建造、搭起，张贴等；put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽)，演出(戏剧)；put together合计，合起，组装。根据句意，A项正确。

　　⑥ take turns 轮流

　　(回归本P37) Take turns to ask your questions.轮流问问题。

　　It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

　　by turns轮流

　　a hand’s turn举手之劳

　　in turn反过；依次

　　in one’s turn轮到……

　　【归纳总结】

　　① They took turns at driving/to drive the car.

　　他们轮流开车。

　　②The students filled in the form in turn.

　　学生们依次填表。

　　③You mustn’t speak out of your turn.

　　未轮到你时，不要发言。

　　④It’s your turn to do the cleaning.轮到你扫除了。

　　【例句探】

　　11．In winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves，and this__________causes pollution and global warming.

　　A．in turn B．in all

　　C．take turns D．by turn

　　解析：选A。“冬天人们烧煤取暖，这样反过又造成了环境污染和全球变暖。”

　　【即境活用】

　　句型梳理

　　① 【教材原句】 This is a painting by the Spanish artist，Pablo Picasso，considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.(P33)

　　这是西班牙画家巴勃罗毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的艺术家。

　　【句法分析】 considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Pablo Picasso。过去分词(短语)作定语，与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系，少数过去分词也可表示完成，不表示被动。

　　①The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.

　　政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。

　　②The electric bicycle produced by our factory is of high quality.

　　我们厂生产的电动车质量很高。

　　③The fox(which was)shot in the legs couldn’t run any longer.

　　这只狐狸被射中了腿部，再也不能奔跑了。

　　④She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.

　　她正在打扫地上的落叶。(fallen表完成，不表被动)

　　12.(2010年高考四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.

　　A．to question B．to be questioned

　　C．questioned D．questioning

　　解析：选C。句意：许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students 和question之间是被动关系，故排除A、D两项；B项表示要被询问，不符合语境；C项表示被询问过的，符合句意。

　　【即境活用】

　　13．(2010年高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position__________in yesterday’s China Daily.

　　A．advertised B．to be advertised

　　C．advertising D．having advertised

　　解析：选A。句意：我打电话是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position的定语，与position在逻辑上是被动关系，根据句意“职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登”，表示被动及完成，故A项符合题意。

　　② 【教材原句】 What do you make of (it)？(P38)

　　你认为它怎么样？

　　【句法分析】 (1)此句相当于What do you think of...？或What’s your opinion of...?

　　make of 常用于what 引导的疑问句或否定句中。

　　①What do you make of this latest idea?

　　你对这个最新的有何看法？

　　②I didn’t make much of his speech，did you?

　　我听不懂他的，你呢？

　　③ake the most of the sunshine，because we don’t get such fine weather in winter.

　　好好地享受阳光，因为在冬天我们没有多少这样的好天气。

　　14．—We have to attract younger customers.

　　—Exactly！__________

　　A．You’ve got it right.

　　B．What do you make of it?

　　C．That’s all right.

　　D．Thanks a lot.

　　解析：选A。本题考查交际用语，从下中的exactly可知，A正确。

　　高一英语Growing pains教案

　　2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（译林牛津版）素材（含教案和练习） Unit 2 Growing pains（1）

　　一. 内容：

　　Unit 2 Growing pains

　　二. 目标：掌握Unit 1词汇及词性变化

　　三. 教学重难点：掌握中的重点句型的结构、用法。

　　Unit 2 Growing pains

　　1. expect

　　1) … sth.

　　我想不会。

　　I don’t expect so./ I expect not.

　　这是我们一直期待的邮包。

　　This is the parcel____________________________.

　　2)… to do sth.

　　你别指望他会支持你。

　　You can’t expect him to support you.

　　别指望一个星期就能学会一门外语。

　　Don’t expect_______________________________.

　　3) … that clause

　　我预计星期日回。

　　I expect that _________________________.

　　eys:

　　1) which we have been expecting

　　2) to learn a foreign language well in a week

　　3) I will be back on Sunday

　　4) as expected

　　eg. 正如预报的那样，地震袭击了旧金。

　　The earthquake struck San Francisco as expected.

　　贝克汉姆并未像预料的一样进了两球。

　　Beckham didn’t score two goals as expected.

　　5) than expected

　　——他比预料的要回的早。

　　He came home earlier than expected.

　　——He came home earlier than he was expected.

　　6) be expected to do

　　eg. We’re expected to work hard.

　　预计你将六点到达北京。

　　You’re expected to arrive in Beijing at 6:00.

　　2. enter

　　1) come or go in

　　eg. 进门前你应先敲门。

　　You should knock the door before you enter.

　　检查客人们的邀请函，有邀请函的就让他们进。

　　Check their invitation cards and let the ones with the invitation cards enter.

　　2) enter a place

　　eg. 小偷们从后门进入了大厦。

　　The thieves entered the building through the back door.

　　当法官走进法庭时，每个人都站了起。

　　Everybody stood up when the judge entered the court.

　　3) put information into a computer

　　eg. 她将数据输进了电脑档。

　　She entered data into the computer files.

　　3. surprise n./vt.in surprise vs in horror

　　to one’s surprise

　　be surprised to do

　　他们喜欢吃蜗牛，这让我很吃惊。

　　I was surprised to see that they were fond of eating snails.

　　We saw that they were fond of eating snails in surprise.

　　To my great surprise, they were fond of eating snails.

　　What greatly surprised me was that they were fond of eating snails.

　　surprised/surprising adj.

　　感情类动词 -ed

　　-ing

　　eg. move, tire, please, surprise, astonish, excite, amaze, etc.

　　Exercise:

　　The NBA match in Beijing was __________ (excite). People got ________ (excite) when they saw Yao ing score.

　　From the ________(surprise) look on his face, I know that he hasn’t prepared well.

　　She has such a ____________(please) look that she has won a lot of favor from teachers.

　　From the ________(please) look on her face, I know she has done well in the exam.

　　eys: exciting, excited, surprised; pleasing; pleased

　　4. followed by a big dog

　　过去分词短语作状语，表伴随状况

　　Though made with great care, the food was still not to her taste.

　　I won’t go to the party unless invited.

　　Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks like a garden.

　　5. looking at Daniel

　　现在分词做状语，表伴随情况

　　Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.

　　He sat at the table reading China Daily.

　　Working hard, you will succeed.

　　6. suppose

　　1) be supposed to

　　每个人都应带一瓶果汁到聚会。

　　Everybody is supposed to bring a bottle of juice to the party.

　　这个佣人应该打扫窗户的外面呢，还是仅仅打扫里面呢？

　　Is the servant supposed to clear the outside of the windows or only the inside?

　　2) Suppose 假设……

　　假设你是那个经理，你会如何做？

　　Suppose you are the manager. What will you do?

　　3) do you suppose = do you think

　　你认为我们应该如何做以赢得他人的尊重呢？

　　What do you suppose should we do to earn respect from others？

　　7. do with 对待，处理

　　老师不知道怎么对待这个班级。

　　The teacher didn’t knohat to do with the class.

　　政府不知道怎样处理那棵老树。

　　The government didn’t knohat to do with the old tree.

　　我忍受不了噪音。

　　I cannot do with loud noise.

　　8. explain

　　explain sth to sb= explain to sb sth

　　n. explanation

　　eg. 那位领导向公众解释了这项新政策。

　　The leader explained the new policy to the public.

　　The leader explained to the public the new policy.

　　【模拟试题】（答题时间：15分钟）

　　一、单项选择

　　1. ________ children were calling for their mothers.

　　A. Frighten B. FrighteningC. Frightened D. To frighten

　　2. ________ a company has a new breakfast cereal that it wants to well.

　　A. Suppose B. IfC. With D. As

　　3. He looked very _________ at the _________ scene.

　　A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightened

　　C. frightened; frightened D. frightening, frightening

　　4. _______ at the news, we all stood there, ________ nothing.

　　A. Surprised; said B. Surprised; saying

　　C. Surprising; said D. Surprising; saying

　　5. After lunch, he is always sitting by the window, ______ about his work for a long time.

　　A. thought B. thinking C. thinks D. to think

　　6. The girl ran into the classroom, _______ by his father.

　　A. following B. followed C. to follow D. follows

　　7. ________ will you ________ the student?

　　A. How; do with B. What; deal with

　　C. What; do with D. How; deal

　　8. —Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?

　　—Yes. They have better players, so I _______ them to win.

　　A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want

　　9. A great deal of attention has _________ the balance of nature.

　　A. paid to keeping B. been paid to keeping

　　C. paid to keep D. been paid to keep

　　10. Sorry, I can’t give you more reasons for what I do. Nothing else, I just like it. That _________ everything.

　　A. proves B. means C. explains D. makes

　　【趣味故事】

　　A clever boy

　　There was a boy who worked in a market. A man came in and asked to buy half a head of lettuce（莴苣）. The boy told him that they only sold whole heads of lettuce, but the man replied that he did no need a whole head, only half. The boy said he would ask his manager about the matter.

　　The boy walked into the back room and said, “There is a fool out there who wants to buy half a head of lettuce.” As he was finishing saying this he turned around to find the man standing right behind him, so he added, “ And this gentleman wants to buy the other half.”

　　试题答案】

　　一、1、C 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、B

　　6、B 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、C

　　2016高一英语学案：Unit 2 Growing Pains（牛津译林版必修1）

　　2012高一英语学案：Unit 2 Growing Pains（牛津译林版必修1）

　　一．单词应用

　　根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。

　　1.The football fans went c_______ when their team scored the first goal .

　　2. Bob and his family are on v_________ ;they have gone to Hawaii.

　　3. Anyone who breaks the windoill be p___________.

　　4.He got the lowest s________ in the exam in his calss.

　　5.The teacher gave a clear e___________ on the use of the wood.

　　6.The room was in quite a m_________ when mother was away on holiday .

　　7.Tom ,don’t be so s__________ . You should learn to share.

　　8.The 21st Century has a c_________ called Sports and Entertainment .

　　9.A good r______ between parents may have a great effect on their children.

　　10.We are quite surprised at that man’s strange b__________.

　　根据汉语意思写出单词

　　1.You ______ ________ ______ ( 应该)finish your homework before 9 p.m.

　　2.Hoill you ________ ________ ( 对付 ) the difficult problem ?

　　3.The whole company will be _____ ____ ______ _____ ( 由我负责) when manager is away.

　　4.We were talking about happily when suddenly the lights _____ _____ .(熄灭 )

　　5.Now children like computer ,__________ ( 尤其) like playing games

　　6.A ____________ (摄影师 ) is taking pictures in our school

　　7.In Africa many children _________ (挨饿 ) to death every year

　　8.Do you know the present ________ (形势 ) in the country ?

　　9.Now people often _________ (抱怨 ) the increasing price of house

　　10.Teachers should always ________ (提醒 ) students of wrong words in writing .

　　二. 词形转换

　　1、argue v.---_____(n.) 6、act n.＆vi.---_____(n.)_____(adj.)

　　2、value n.---_____(adj.) 7、selfish adj.---_____(反)

　　3、punish v.---_____(n.) 8、true adj. ---_____(adv.)

　　4、explain v.---_____(n.) 9、expect v.---_____(n.)

　　5、behave v.---_____(n.) 10、surprised adj.---_____(n.＆v.)

　　三.补全佳句

　　1.这汤闻起真香，我迫不及待地要尝一尝了。

　　The soup is delicious. I _______ _________ ________ have a try.

　　2.这不是一个坏的行为可以免收惩罚的家庭。

　　This is not a family _______ _______ _________ _________ ________.

　　3.我们当然应该知道真相。

　　We deserve _______ _______ _________ ________.

　　4.无论你说什么，我都不会让你踢足球的。

　　_______ _______ ________ you say, I won’t allow you ______ ______ _______.

　　5.不要浪费时间修自行车了，我爸答应给我买辆新的了。

　　Don’t waste your time _________ ________ __________. Dad promised ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _________.

　　四. 句型转换

　　1. I can’t wait to surprise the boys.

　　I can’t wait to make the boys ________.

　　2. I don’t know the reason why the hose is so dirty.

　　I don’t know the reason _______ _______ dirty a house.

　　3. The room is messy and there are pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.

　　The room is a _______ ,______ pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.

　　4. Dad and I realize somebody can probably explain why the house is so dirty.

　　Dad and I realize there is probably an _______ for why the house is so dirty.

　　5. He hasn’t even allowed me to meet my friends online at the Internet café!

　　He has even ______ me from _______ my friends online at the Internet café!

　　6. We thought your were an adult. We could expect good decisions from you.

　　We thought your were an adult, a person ______ ______ we could expect good decisions.

　　7. Do you knohy parents and teenagers argue with each other?

　　_____ do you think is the biggest ______ of ______ between parents and teenagers?

　　8. Every time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.

　　______ I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or ______ me spend more time studying.

　　9. He also spends too much time in Internet Cafes, where he sometimes plays games and

　　sometimes chats online.

　　He also spends too much time in Internet Cafes, where he_____ plays games ______ chats

　　online.

　　10.He insists on watching DVDS and listening to foreign music instead of doing his homework..

　　He has been ______ to do his homework, and instead insists on ______ his time watching

　　DVDS and listening to foreign music.

　　五. 单元话题作

　　1. 写作训练：

　　假如你是某中学学生会主席，现就学生成长烦恼现象想成立一个学生俱乐部，帮

　　助他们解决一些问题。经过讨论之后，你代表学生向学校提交一份，内容如下：

　　现象学生在成长中的烦恼，如父母的期望值过高；老师不能理解我们等

　　目的解决学生成长烦恼，使他们身心健康

　　措施请心里教师进行讲座……(自己设想两条合理化建议)

　　时间、地点每周六晚;厅

　　_______________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　2. 美背诵

　　(1)高中生在成长的过程中会碰到一些烦恼。就这一话题你班正积极筹备召开一次主题班会.请你依据下表进行必要的思考,并用英语准备一篇到会发言.

　　PainsSolutions

　　相貌体型不美不必在意……

　　不被他人理解,朋友少敞开心胸;加强沟通……

　　学习滞后,压力大?

　　零花钱不多?

　　(2)我们知道一个人的成长过程较为复杂的，其个性的形成和发展受诸多因素的影响，比如家长、学校、社会、朋友、书籍、名人等。假如《二十一世纪英报》向你约稿，了解至今哪些因素对你的成长影响最大。请你以Tracking y Growth为题，按以下要求写篇英语短：选择并陈述对你的成长起着很大影响的家庭、学校、社会、朋友、书籍、名人等诸多因素中的两个或三个；谈谈你的看法和理由。

　　2. (1) Boys and girls,

　　We high school students do have some growing pains, but we an get rid of them correctly and wisely.First , some of us are upset about their body shapes and looks, which is unnecessary and not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty that matters.Second, we sometimes seem to be misunderstood by our teachers, parents and classmates.Facing this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, tying to remove the misunderstanding. Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others in our studies, which makes us stressed. Actually we may encourage ourselves to work efficiently, full of determination as well as improving our study methods by turning to our teachers and classmates for advice. Last, some of us don’t have much pocket money,so they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? So long as the money can afford our daily expenses, that will do. And we can also learn to spend money in a more reasonable way!

　　That’s all. Thank you.

　　(2).Tracking y Growth

　　The process of growing up is complex for every person, for there are many influential factors in a person’s growth as well as the development of his personality. As for me, what has affected me most in my both growth and personality are family and friends, the two equally important factors.

　　After one was born, the first surroundings is the family in which he will grow up. Family plays a significant role in shaping children’s character because it’s children’s most direct source of knowledge and experiences. Those who are brought up in good families tend to posses many pleasant characters.On the other hand, fiends in some ways influence him more rapidly than families do.Friends have more many different opinions and personalities. Discussing with them build up his personality. Frankly speaking, I get lots of valuable things from my friends.

　　Family offers me warmth and care. Friends give me strength and horizons. Therefore, both of them are most influential in my growth.

　　牛津高中英语Unit 2 Sporting events教学设计

　　教材：牛津高中英语(模块四)高一下学期

　　档内容：教学设计—教案

　　单元：Unit 2 Sporting events

　　板块：Project 2

　　堂设计指导思想：

　　本节是以听、说、读为主的词汇教学。通过用我们身边的例子结合词汇的用法给学生以不同形式的展现。同时在语言点讲解中坚持以复习学过的知识再结合新的讲解相结合，让学生能做到温故而知新。

　　Teaching aims:

　　1.Get students to know the usage of the introduced words.

　　2.Get students to make up sentences with the newly learned words.

　　3.Help students learn how to express one meaning in different forms.

　　Teaching procedures:

　　Step 1 Enter

　　Introduce different meanings of the word.

　　【设计说明】由学生身边的事入手，帮助学生理解词的用法含义。

　　Step 2 Require

　　Ask students to express in different ways.

　　【设计说明】让学生熟悉多种表达能帮助他们提高作应变能力。

　　Step 3 Ensure

　　Introduce several sentences of the neord.

　　【设计说明】通过翻译，看看学生能否在具体语境中表达。

　　Step 4 Invovle

　　Give students some cases to make up sentences.

　　【设计说明】简单的语境设置，检测学生对语言的把握度。

　　Step 5 Control

　　ake a revision of what we have learned about the word, and introduce the same structure of other expression.

　　【设计说明】举一反三。

　　Step 6 Remove

　　Ask students to guess the meanings of the word.

　　【设计说明】在不同的语境中不同的意思。

　　Step 7 ake way for

　　Translation.

　　【设计说明】给学生进行词组拓展。

　　Step 8 aintain

　　Ask students to guess the meaning of the word in different sentences.

　　【设计说明】让学生在具体语境中学习语言。

　　高一英语English around the world教案

　　Book 1 Unit 2 设计

　　(1) 题：English around the world

　　(2) 教材分析与学生分析： Warming Up部分简要介绍了世界英语的分支以及英语语言在不同国家产生的差异，使学生感受英语语言的多化、多层次、多元性，对英国英语和美国英语的不同有个粗浅的了解；Pre-Reading部分的两个问题引发学生对主题的思考，以便参加堂活动； Reading部分The Road to odern English 简要说明了英语语言的起、发展变化、形成原因，以及它的发展趋势。Comprehending部分旨在检查学生对基本内容的理解程度; Learning about Language 部分主要通过各种练习帮助学生重温本单元前几个部分的所学习的新单词和短语，同时也通过新的例子展现了美国英语、英国英语的差异，并着重介绍了半单元的语法项目（祈使句及其间接引语）；Using Language 部分中的Reading and talking主要介绍了当今世界各国各地说英语都有自己的特色，即便是美国东西部、南北部说话均有所不同。

　　(3) 时安排：The first period: Speaking: Warming Up and Pre-Reading

　　The second period: Reading The Road to modern English

　　The third period: Reading (Language points)

　　The forth Period：Learning about Language

　　The fifth period: Using Language

　　The sixth period: Listening

　　(4)目标：

　　①知识与技能：了解英语在世界上的发展状况，认识各种各样带有民族、地域特色的英语；对英国英语和美国英语的差异有所了解，尤其是一些常用词汇，比如falt和apartment, lift 和elevator, rubber 和eraser等; 掌握本单元中出现的词汇、短语的用法；学会语言交际困难的表达法，如pardon, I beg your pardon?; 掌握祈使句及其间接引语的表达法。

　　②过程与方法：本单元通过对“世界英语”这一话题的探讨，以加强学生对英语语言的了解，对当代语言特别是英语的发展趋势的了解。在教授本单元时必须强调美国英语、澳大利亚英语、印度英语、新加坡英语等都有各自的规律和和惯用法。要提防学生认为可以滥用英语词汇，随意违反英语语法规则或惯用法，不顾正常的发音、语调等。在学生用书中的听力部分，原真实的反映了灭国南部地区英语的方言和语音，旨在让学生感受一下将英语作为母语的本国人说话的一个侧面。要注意掌握尺度，让学生感受一下、了解一下，点到为止，不提倡硬性模仿。

　　③情感态度与价值观：了解英国英语和美国英语的区别，两种英语不存在那种好与不好的问题。可以给学生布置以下任务：通过对话形式，将所学过的英美说法的不同之处，按实际生活和想象编一段对话。尽可能运用语言功能中表达语言困难的说法。

　　(5) 教学重点和难点：

　　词汇： include role international native elevator flat apartment rubber petrol gas modern culture actually present rule vocabulary usage identity government rapidly candy lorry command request retell polite boss standard idwestern Spanish eastern southeastern northwestern recognize accent lightning direction subway block

　　短语： play a role (in) because of come up such as play a part (in)

　　重点语法项目：祈使句及其间接引语

　　难点：Expressing one’s idea on which kind of English one should learn; guess the name of speaker’s country by listening; how to tell the differences between a command and a request; how to change the pronoun when turning the direct speech into indirect speech.

　　(6) 教学策略： Discussion, Student-centered vocabulary, learning, listening, pair work, teach grammar in real situation

　　(7) 教学煤体设计： A projector and a tape recorder.

　　(8) 教学过程：详见以下分时教学设计。

　　(9) 堂练习与外作业设计：穿插于分时教学设计中

　　(10) 教学反思或值得改进的地方：见每个时最后部分。

　　Period 1: Speaking Warming Up and Pre-Reading

　　Aims

　　To talk about varieties of English

　　To discuss why do so many people speak English

　　Procedures

　　I. Warming up

　　1. Warming up by answering a questionnaire

　　1). Tell the students they are going to answer a questionnaire about why they are learning English.

　　2). Write the words: Reasons for learning a foreign language on the center of the board:

　　3). Ask the students to suggest as many reasons as they can think of, for example, for work, as a hobby, to learn about other people, to travel, to read literature in the original, to read research papers, to meet foreigners, to surf the Internet, to pass exams, etc. Write their suggestions on the board as they make them.

　　4). Divide the class into pairs.

　　5). Give out each student one questionnaire paper.

　　6). Explain the task. The students must question each other about their language learning needs (or motivations). Tell them that you are going to take in the questionnaires at the end, and that you’d like them to make clear notes. It works better if the two partners swap tasks (questions and answers) after each section of the questionnaire. If they wait till the end to swap, one student may use up all the time available.

　　7). When the task is finished, ask a couple of students to summarize their partners’ answers. (This may develop into a class discussion about language needs).

　　8). The students write five sentences on their feeling about learning English.

　　9). Collect the questionnaires. Needs Analysis Questionnaire

　　Interviewer_______________

　　Interviewee_______________

　　Present use: situations and skills

　　Reading (faxes, letters & reports)

　　Listening & speaking (telephoning, meetings, negotiations, public speaking, socializing)

　　Writing (faxes, letters & reports)

　　Future use: expectations & ambitions

　　后反思：本能比较好地完成教学目标，训练了学生说的能力，懂得如何表达自己的思想和意见。使学生了解了世界各地的英语是有所不同的，特别是了解英国英语和美国英语的区别。同时使学生感受到学习英语的重要性。由于学生的口语水平有限，所以探讨的时候不是很深入。

　　Great scientists

　　j.Co M

　　Book 4 Module 4 Great scientists

　　Learning paper 4 Revision

　　I. 单词拼写

　　1.She is the l________lady in the play .

　　2.Bombs were e________all around the city .

　　3.Rice is the s_________diet in many Asian countries .

　　4.The _________(生产者)of the radios could not find a market for them .

　　5.The public should be _________(教育)in how to use energy more efficiently.

　　6.This is an important military __________(突破)

　　7.This book was _________(出版)ten years ago .

　　8.They ________(逃脱)from the burning house .

　　II．Best choice .

　　1.He was ______by his aunt .

　　A.grow up B. took up C. brought up D.brought in

　　2.Not everybody has the ability ____in public .

　　A.of speak B. speaking C. spoken D.to speak

　　3.This factory is _____one in our country .

　　A.the second biggest B.one of the biggest

　　C. the two biggest D.second biggest

　　4.I have to go to work by taxi because my car ___at the garage .

　　A.will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D.has been repaired

　　5.This page needed _____again .

　　A.being checked B. checked C. to check D.to be checked

　　6.The new bridge _____by the end of last month .

　　A.has been designed B.had been designed

　　C. was designed D.would be designed

　　7.He has written some short stories but he is better known ___his TV plays .

　　A. at B. to C. as D. for

　　8.He hoped that he ____given a more suitable job.

　　A. would be B. has been C. was being D. will be

　　9.____using the Internet you can do your shopping .

　　A. By B. With C.. Upon D. At

　　10 .Strange enough , a pair of new trousers ____among the rubbish.

　　A. was found B. were found C. has found D. have found

　　11.With more forests being destroyed ,huge quantities of good earth ______each year .

　　A. is washing away B. is being washed away

　　C. are washing away D.are being washed away

　　12. The weather should ____tomorrow and we should have sunshine at last .

　　A. clear out B. dry up C. clear up D. leave off

　　13. _____the lecture , a discussion was held .

　　A. Follow B. Followed C. Following D. To follow

　　14. He was struggling to earn his ____in industry .

　　A. life B. living C. stay D .staying

　　15. At that time people recorded events by ___words on stones.

　　A. to cave B. carved C. carving D. carves

　　III 完成句子

　　1．因为天气不好，我们推迟了运动会。

　　_______________________________________________

　　2．课堂上老师永远不会被电脑取代。

　　__________________________________________________

　　3．我们必须找到解决问题的关键。

　　__________________________________________________

　　4．这里的农民靠卖蔬菜为生。

　　___________________________________________________

　　5．第29届奥运会将于2008年在北京举行。

　　____________________________________________________

　　IV 阅读理解

　　Americans often say that there are only two things a person cannot be sure of in life, death and taxes. Many people feel that the US has the worst taxes in the world.

　　Taxes are the money that people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the US．federal, state, and city； therefore, there are three types of taxes.

　　Salaried people who earn more than four to five thousand per year must pay a certain part of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies for different people. It depends on the salaries. The federal government has a two-level income tax； that is, 15 or 28 percent, $ 17, 850 is the cut off. The tax rate is 15 percent below $ 17,850 and 28 percent above.

　　The second tax is for the state government．New York, California, or any of the other forty-eight states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which people buy in the state. Some states use income tax to raise their revenues(税收).

　　The third tax is for the city. The tax comes in two forms．property tax (residents who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise tax, which is collected on vehicles in a city. The cities use this money for education, police, public works, etc.

　　Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often say that the government misuses their tax dollars. They all believe that taxes are too high in this country.

　　51. In the US, taxes are collected to provide revenues for _________.

　　A. the federal government B. the state government

　　C. the city government D. the three levels of government

　　52. How much money does an American earning $ 40,000 per year pay to the federal government as income tax according to the passage?

　　A. 28% of this income B. 15% of this income

　　C. $ 17, 850 D. $ 5,000

　　53. What happens to buyers when a sales tax is collected?

　　A. They have to pay more than what the item costs.

　　B. They can pay less than what the item costs.

　　C. They have to pay exactly what the item costs.

　　D. They will all give up buying the item.

　　54. What tax does an American have to pay to the city if he owns a car?