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英语语法倒装句知识点：关于否定词置于句首的倒装
在现实学习生活中，相信大家一定都接触过知识点吧！知识点就是“让别人看完能理解”或者“通过练习我能掌握”的内容。哪些才是我们真正需要的知识点呢？下面是小编整理的英语语法倒装句知识点：关于否定词置于句首的倒装，欢迎大家分享。
英语语法倒装句知识点：否定词置于句首的倒装
请先看一道题：
a. I __________ seen such a good harvest!
b. __________ I seen such a good harvest.
A. have never, Never have B. never have, Have never
C. have never, Have never D. never have, Never have
此题应选A。这里考查的是否定词置于句首，句子用部分倒装的问题。
一般说来，以下否定词位于句首，句子要用倒装(部分倒装—-用一般问句的形式)：seldom, never, little, few, hardly, not, not until, in vain, in no way, by no means, on no account, no longer 等。如：
Never does he come late.
他从不迟到。
Little did he know that the police were after him.
他一点也不知道警察在找他。
By no means shall I go there again.
我决不会再去那儿了。
Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave.
他一到车站，火车就开动了。
Few students did they see in the classroom.
他们在教室没看到几个学生。
Not a word did I ever say to him.
我从未对他说过一句话。
Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
直到河里的鱼全死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
英语语法感叹句知识点：副词置于句首的感叹句
以here, there等副词开头的倒装句可以构成感叹句。如：
There goes the bell! 打铃了。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!
Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。
There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。
There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
Pop went the cork! 瓶塞砰的一声跳了出来!
初中英语定语从句知识点：关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
返回：初中英语知识点详解——定语从句篇
初中英语语法：带有否定词的比较句型
乐加乐英语：整理初中英语语法《初中英语语法：带有否定词的比较句型》，供大家学习、交流。
1.no better than：表示“和……一样;实际等于……”，如：
He is no better than a beggar. 他实际上等于一个乞丐。
The invalid is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情况和昨天一样。
He has no better a say in the matter than I have. 他和我一样在这件事上没有发言权。
2.not. . . any more than或no more. . . than：表示“同……一样不”，如：
I could no more do that than you. I could not do that any more than you. 你不能做这件事，我也不能做。
He is not a poet any more than I am a scholar. 我不是一个学者，他也不是一个诗人。
This story is no more interesting than that one. 这个故事和那个故事一样没有趣味。
He is no more able to read German than I am. 他和我一样都不懂德语。
3.not so much. . . as：表示“与其……不如……”
He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 他与其说是个作家，不如说是个记者。
Your explanation does not so much enlighten us as confuse us.
你的解释没有起到启发作用，反而把我们弄糊涂了。
Oceans don't so much divide the world as unite it. 与其说海洋分隔了世界，不如说海洋联结了世界。
I don't so much dislike him as hate him. 我与其说不喜欢他，不如说我恨他。
4.nothing like：表示“没有什么能比得上……”
There is nothing like home. 金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。
There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit. 没有比散步来保持健康更好的了。
There is nothing like leather for shoes. 做鞋用皮革再好没有了。
5.nothing like(或near)as(或so)... as：表示“远远不像……那样”
This novel is nothing near so interesting as that one. 这篇小说远远不及那篇小说有趣。
The book is nothing like as difficult as I expected. 这本书远没有我想像的那么难懂。
His analysis of the poem is nothing like as penetrating as yours. 他对这首诗的分析远没有你的分析那样透彻。
6.no less … than：表示“和……一样”
He is no less active than he used to be. 他和从前一样活跃。
His mind is no less alert than yours. 他的思路和你的一样敏捷。
Our soldiers fought with no less daring than skill. 我们的士兵作战的英勇不亚于他们的战斗技能。
小升初必备语法：only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
小升初必备语法：以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
英语语法倒装句讲解
倒装结构
1.下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置于句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装:never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。如：
Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.
Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
2.以only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
3.以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装
often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。如：
So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
4.以下列副词开头的句子，句子的主谓要全部倒装
(1)出于修辞需要，表示方向的副词：out, down, in, up, away, on。如：
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
(2)出于习惯用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then。如：
Now is your turn.?There goes the bell.
5.让步从句的倒装
(1)as引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
(2)出现在句型be+主语+其他, come what may中。如：
Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.?Come what may, I’ll be on your side.
6.比较从句的倒装
as, than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构(不倒装也可以)。注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。如：
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.?Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
英语语法倒装构成
主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序
一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；
二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。
而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）
1.完全倒装（Full Inversion）：又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
①谓语+主语+……
There be（的各种形式）+主语（+地点或时间状语）
例子：
There was a drop in the temperature.温度下降了
There are birds singing in the tree.鸟儿在树上唱歌。
②副词小品词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
例子：
Out rushed a young lady.
一位年轻女士冲了出去。
③过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+……
例子：
Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.几本书和杂志散落在地板上
2.部分倒装（Partial Inversion）（又称半倒装句）：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
作用
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。
前一种情况,倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误；后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
1.表示强调
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调，其表现形式如下：
1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首，被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装。
例子：
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
例子：
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
我很少乘公共汽车上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .
她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例子：
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分，其语气较自然语序强烈，因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
4.here、there、now、then、thus等副词开头的句子可构成完全倒装。条件是谓语动词是不及物动词，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是，当主语是代词时，不能构成倒装。（方位词在句首，主语是名词，全部倒装）
例子：
Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。
Here it is. 在这里。
Here is your key.这是你的钥匙。
2.承上启下
1.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用"so+be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"倒装句式或"neither/nor + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"的倒装句式。
其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同"，第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。
例子：
A:His brother is（not） a college student; B:so is mine.(neither/nor is mine .)
A:他弟弟（不）是大学生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)
A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither/nor did I.)
A:他曾去国外深造过。B:我也去过。(我也没有。)
A:One of my friends can（not） speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither/nor can his wife .)
A:我的一个朋友(不)会说三门外国语。B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。)
可以概括成：主语相同不倒装，主语不同倒装。
2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物，或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加紧密，起到承上启下的作用。
例子：
They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor,dead. Around his head was a brown snake.
他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室，发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are,and paupers we shall remain.
我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋，而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
3.制造悬念渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中，有时为了内容的需要，或是为了强调，作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念，渲染气氛。
如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节：
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent,and soft,and slow,
Descends the snow.
它来自天上。
叠叠乌云抖衣裳，
落在光秃秃的棕色树林，
和收割过的孤寂田野上。
静悄悄，不慌张，
绵绵雪花降；
在这一节诗里，诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中，诗人堆砌了七个状语，状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露，造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢，读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟，因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
4.平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则，即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子，我们常采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常将状语置于句首，句子用完全倒装语序。
例子：
1．A. To the coal mine came a company of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿，奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
2．A. On the ground lay some air conditioners,which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground,which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调，等着用船运到其他城市去。
例句（2）包含一个非限制性定语从句，B句未倒装，则从句的先行词与引导词which中间被状语分隔开，不易于理解，而A句倒装使得先行词air conditioner与引导词which的关系一目了然。
从例句中可看出，采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥，读起来自然流畅，而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱，读起来也别扭。因而，在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子：有时为了把较长的主语放在后面，须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
例子：
Such would be our home in the future.
我们家就将是这个样子。
3. 以副词here,there开头的句子，也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
例子：
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在这儿。
5.使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象，增加语言效果，可将表示方向的副词(如：down,up,out,in,off,on,away等)或拟声词(bang,crack等)置于句首，句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
例子：
Up went the rocket into the air.
嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
当警察把枪瞄准那个罪犯时，嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon!
轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!
砰！又是一声枪响！
以上句子简洁明快，生动逼真地描述了有关动作，令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter,... Away they run,pell—mell,helter—skelter,yelling—screaming,...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices,... Away they fly,splashing through the mud,up go the window,out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away,up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run,Away they fly,up go the window,out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛，生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达，了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法，不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力，对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此，写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。
英语语法之倒装句
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do， does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1） 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， at no time， in no way， not until 等。例如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1） Why cant I smoke here？
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no， little， hardly， seldom， never， not only， not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
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